The DOI matches its Crossref record; 176 of the 176 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Management of Graves’ Ophthalmopathy: Reality and Perspectives*
Open accessAbstract
Graves’ ophthalmopathy is an debilitating disease impairing the quality of life of affected individuals. Despite recent progress in the understanding of its pathogenesis, treatment is often not satisfactory. In mild cases, local therapeutic measures (artificial tears and ointments, sunglasses, nocturnal taping of the eyes, prisms) can control symptoms and signs. In severe forms of the disease (3–5%), aggressive measures are required. If the disease is active, high-dose glucocorticoids and/or orbital radiotherapy, or orbital decompression represent the mainstay of treatment. If the disease is severe but inactive, orbital decompression is preferred. Novel treatments such as somatostatin analogs or intravenous immunoglobulins are under evaluation. Rehabilitative (extraocular muscle or eyelid) surgery is often needed after treatment and inactivation of eye disease. Correction of both hyper- and hypothyroidism is crucial for the ophthalmopathy. Antithyroid drugs and thyroidectomy do not influence the course of the ophthalmopathy, whereas radioiodine treatment may cause the progression of preexisting ophthalmopathy, especially in smokers. The exacerbation, however, is prevented by glucocorticoids. In addition, thyroid ablation may prove beneficial for the ophthalmopathy in view of the pathogenetic model relating eye disease to autoimmune reactions directed against antigens shared by the thyroid and the orbit.
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Cites
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Clinical activity score as a guide in the management of patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy
Mourits, M. P., Prummel, M. F., Wiersinga, W. M., & Koornneef, L. (1997) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.1997.2331047.x · Cited by 1,001
Solomon, S. (1969) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(69)92136-9 · Cited by 844
Mourits, M. P., Koornneef, L., Wiersinga, W. M., Prummel, M. F., Berghout, A., & van der Gaag, R. (1989) · British Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1136/bjo.73.8.639 · Cited by 721
Relation between Therapy for Hyperthyroidism and the Course of Graves' Ophthalmopathy
Bartalena, L., Marcocci, C., Bogazzi, F., Manetti, L., Tanda, M. L., Dell'Unto, E., Bruno-Bossio, G., Nardi, M., Bartolomei, M. P., Lepri, A., et al. (1998) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199801083380201 · Cited by 715
Self-citationPathogenesis of Graves' Ophthalmopathy
Epstein, F. H., Bahn, R. S., & Heufelder, A. E. (1993) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199311113292007 · Cited by 605
Graves' Ophthalmopathy: Current Concepts Regarding Pathogenesis and Management*
BURCH, H. B., & WARTOFSKY, L. (1993) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv-14-6-747 · Cited by 598
Occurrence of Ophthalmopathy after Treatment for Graves' Hyperthyroidism
Tallstedt, L., Lundell, G., Tørring, O., Wallin, G., Ljunggren, J.-G., Blomgren, H., & Taube, A. (1992) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199206253262603 · Cited by 521
Smoking and Risk of Graves' Disease
Prummel, M. F. (1993) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1993.03500040045034 · Cited by 503
Cited by
Bahn, R. S. (2010) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra0905750 · Cited by 1,552
Bartalena, L., Baldeschi, L., Dickinson, A. J., Eckstein, A., Kendall-Taylor, P., Marcocci, C., Mourits, M. P., Perros, P., Boboridis, K., Boschi, A., et al. (2008) · Thyroid · doi:10.1089/thy.2007.0315 · Cited by 406
Self-citationTanda, M. L., Piantanida, E., Liparulo, L., Veronesi, G., Lai, A., Sassi, L., Pariani, N., Gallo, D., Azzolini, C., Ferrario, M., et al. (2013) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2012-3873 · Cited by 328
Self-citationDiagnosis and classification of Graves' disease
Menconi, F., Marcocci, C., & Marinò, M. (2014) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2014.01.013 · Cited by 276
Self-citationPerros, P., Kendall-Taylor, P., Neoh, C., Frewin, S., & Dickinson, J. (2005) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2005-0507 · Cited by 156
Metadata
- Authors
- Bartalena, L., Pinchera, A., & Marcocci, C.
- Venue
- Endocrine Reviews
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2000-04-01
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 168-199
- ISSN
- 0163-769X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7189
- OpenAlex
- W2133188970
- Cited by
- 677
- References
- 176
- FWCI
- 16.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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