Corticotropin-releasing hormone mediates suppression of pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion induced by activation of alpha-adrenergic receptors in the paraventricular nucleus in female rats.
Abstract
The present study examined which subtype of adrenergic receptor in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) has a role in regulating pulsatile LH secretion and whether CRH mediates the effect of norepinephrine (NE) injection into the PVN on pulsatile LH secretion in ovariectomized (OVX) and ovariectomized estradiol (E2)-treated (OVX + E2) rats. All animals were OVX, and some were sc implanted with Silastic capsules containing E2 dissolved in peanut oil. One week after ovariectomy and E2 implantation, guide cannulae for injection of agent and alpha-helical CRF-(9-41) (alpha-hel CRF), an antagonist of CRH, were stereotaxically implanted into the PVN and third ventricle, respectively. Animals were bled for 3 h at 6-min intervals through an atrial cannula immediately after PVN injection of NE or various adrenergic receptor agonists (phenylephrine, an alpha 1-adrenergic receptor agonist; clonidine, an alpha 2-agonist; and isoproterenol, a beta-agonist). Some of the animals were injected with alpha-hel CRF 5 min before NE injection. NE and both alpha-receptor agonists inhibited pulsatile LH secretion throughout the 3-h sampling period in OVX + E2 rats and significantly reduced the mean plasma LH levels and the LH pulse frequency. On the other hand, LH secretion was inhibited transiently for the first 1-2 h by an injection of NE or an alpha 2-receptor agonist into the PVN in OVX rats, resulting in a significant decrease only in mean plasma LH levels in the NE-injected group. Injection of a beta-agonist did not affect pulsatile LH secretion in either OVX or OVX + E2 animals. Intracerebroventricular injection of alpha-hel CRF before PVN injection of NE completely blocked the NE-induced suppression of pulsatile LH secretion in OVX+E2 rats. These results suggest that 1) the noradrenergic system projecting to the PVN suppresses pulsatile LH secretion via the activation of alpha-adrenergic receptors; 2) this inhibition is mediated by CRH release; and 3) estrogen enhances this suppression.
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Acute metabolic stress or chemogenetic activation of A2 neurons evokes sickness behavior associated with a reduction in pulsatile LH secretion that is thought to occur indirectly through paraventricular nucleus corticotrophin-releasing hormone neurons.
“For example, acute metabolic stress or the chemogenetic activation of A2 neurons evokes sickness behavior associated with a reduction in the pulsatile LH secretion that is thought to occur indirectly through paraventricular nucleus corticotrophin-releasing hormone neurons16,57,58.”
From Brainstem noradrenergic modulation of the kisspeptin neuron GnRH pulse generator in mice (2025) · cites this paper as [57]
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Neuroendocrine mechanism mediating energetic regulation of gonadotropin release in female rats
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Wagenmaker, E. R., Gibson, A. G., Johnson, M. S., Choudhry, A. A., Provenzano, N. M., Dong, B., & Moenter, S. M. (2026) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endocr/bqag070
- Authors
- Tsukamura, H., Nagatani, S., Cagampang, F. R., Kawakami, S., & Maeda, K.
- Affiliations
- Nagoya University (JP)
- Venue
- Endocrinology
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 1994-03
- Volume
- 134
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1460-1466
- ISSN
- 0013-7227 (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7170
- OpenAlex
- W2143185321
- Cited by
- 70
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 5.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- corticotropin-releasing factor, luteinizing hormone secretion, pulsatile LH secretion, alpha-adrenergic receptors, paraventricular nucleus, norepinephrine, estrogen, ovariectomy, noradrenergic system, LH pulse frequency
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, Estradiol, Female, Injections, Intraventricular, Luteinizing Hormone, Norepinephrine, Ovariectomy, Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus, Peptide Fragments, Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha, Rats, Wistar, Rats
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