The Role of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone in Murine Preimplantation Embryonic Development*
Abstract
Previous studies have established the presence of an extrahypothalamic GnRH in a variety of tissues. GnRH receptor is known to be present in the placenta, which produces and secretes the decapeptide from the very early stages of placentation. We hypothesized that GnRH may play a role in the preimplantation development of embryos. To examine this hypothesis, we assessed GnRH and GnRH receptor messenger RNA (mRNA; RT-PCR) and protein expression (Immunohistochemistry) in preimplantation murine embryos at various developmental stages. Furthermore, preimplantation murine embryos were cultured with GnRH agonist and antagonist in vitro to assess the influence of GnRH analogs on embryo development. GnRH is expressed in the developing mouse embryo from morula to hatching blastocyst stages at the mRNA and protein levels. GnRH receptor mRNA is also present in the developing embryos studied. Preimplantation embryonic development was significantly enhanced by incubation with increasing concentrations of GnRH agonist and is significantly decreased by GnRH antagonist compared with that in the control group. Moreover, GnRH antagonist (5 and 10 microM) was able to completely block embryo development. The deleterious effect of GnRH antagonist on embryo development was reversed by increasing concentrations of the agonist, as determined by the number of embryos reaching the blastocyst stage.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
GnRH and GnRHR have been detected in the placenta and decidua of several species.
“as GnRH and GnRHR have been detected in the placenta and decidua of several species23–28.”
From Conditional loss of ERK1 and ERK2 results in abnormal placentation and delayed parturition in the mouse (2019) · cites this paper as [27]
Cites
DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors
Sanger, F., Nicklen, S., & Coulson, A. R. (1977) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463 · Cited by 68,572 · see citing works
A rapid method for determining sequences in DNA by primed synthesis with DNA polymerase
Sanger, F., & Coulson, A. R. (1975) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/0022-2836(75)90213-2 · Cited by 2,709 · see citing works
Alonso, S., Minty, A. J., Bourlet, Y., & BUCKINGHAM, M. E. (1986) · Journal of Molecular Evolution · doi:10.1007/bf02100994 · Cited by 643 · see citing works
Das, S., Wang, X., Paria, B. C., Damm, D. L., Abraham, J. A., Klagsbrun, M., Andrews, G. K., & Dey, S. K. (1994) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.120.5.1071 · Cited by 568 · see citing works
Mason, A. J., Hayflick, J. S., Zoeller, R. T., Young, W. S., PHILLIPS, H. S., Nikolics, K., & Seeburg, P. H. (1986) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3024317 · Cited by 534 · see citing works
Paria, B. C., Huet, Y. M., & Dey, S. K. (1993) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.90.21.10159 · Cited by 518 · see citing works
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone and its analogues
Desforges, J. F., Conn, P. M., & Crowley, W. F. (1991) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199101103240205 · Cited by 470 · see citing works
Extrapituitary Actions of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone*
Hsueh, A. J. W., & Jones, P. (1981) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv-2-4-437 · Cited by 441 · see citing works
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone and Its Analogues
Kovács, P. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-2377-9_8 · Cited by 423 · see citing works
Cloning and functional expression of a mouse gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor
Tsutsumi, M. (1992) · Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/me.6.7.1163 · Cited by 383 · see citing works
The use of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonists and antagonists in gynaecological cancers
Emons, G., & Schally, A. V. (1994) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a138714 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Emons, G., Schröder, B., Ortmann, O., Westphalen, S. S., Schulz, K. ‐., & Schally, A. V. (1993) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.77.6.8263128 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Hillensjø, T., & LeMaire, W. J. (1980) · Nature · doi:10.1038/287145a0 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Perona, R. M., & Wassarman, P. M. (1986) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/0012-1606(86)90382-9 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Raga, F., Casañ, E. M., Kruessel, J. S., Wen, Y., Huang, H.-Y., Nezhat, C., & Polan, M. L. (1998) · Biology of Reproduction · doi:10.1095/biolreprod59.3.661 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Self-citationSantos, M. J. D. L., Mercader, A., Francés, A., Portolés, E., Remohi, J. A., Pellicer, A., & Simón, C. (1996) · Biology of Reproduction · doi:10.1095/biolreprod54.3.563 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Localization of Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Factor in the Human Placenta
Khodr, G. S., & Siler-Khodr, T. M. (1978) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)43277-2 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Inhibition of Hatching of Mouse Blastocysts in vitro by Prostaglandin Antagonists
Biggers, J. D., Leonov, B. V., Baskar, J. F., & Fried, J. (1978) · Biology of Reproduction · doi:10.1095/biolreprod19.3.519 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Tazuke, S. I., & Giudice, L. (1996) · Seminars in Reproductive Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-2007-1016333 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Nitric oxide inhibits development of embryos and implantation in mice
Barroso, R. (1998) · Molecular Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/molehr/4.5.503 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
NATURE OF THE PRE-PENETRATION CONTACT INTERACTIONS BETWEEN HAMSTER GAMETES IN VITRO
Hartmann, J. F., & Hutchison, C. F. (1974) · Reproduction · doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0360049 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Immunoreactive GnRH in hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic areas.
Chieffi, G., Pierantoni, R., & Fasano, S. (1991) · International Review of Cytology · doi:10.1016/s0074-7696(08)60691-9 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Krüssel, J.-S., Huang, H.-Y., Wen, Y., Kloodt, A. R., Bielfeld, P., & Polan, M. L. (1997) · Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1016/s0165-0378(97)00030-2 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Self-citationPetraglia, F., LIM, A. T. W., & Vale, W. (1987) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-65-5-1020 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Activators of protein kinase C stimulate meiotic maturation of rat oocytes
Aberdam, É., & Dekel, N. (1985) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/0006-291x(85)91171-4 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone as a Modulator of Ovarian Function
Knecht, M., RANTA, T., Feng, P., Shinohara, O., & Catt, K. J. (1985) · Journal of Steroid Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/s0022-4731(85)80013-3 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
RECEPTORS FOR GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE ARE PRESENT IN RAT OOCYTES
Dekel, N., Lewysohn, O., Ayalon, D., & Hazum, E. (1988) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-123-2-1205 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Krüssel, J.-S., Huang, H.-Y., Simón, C., Behr, B. R., Pape, A. R., Wen, Y., Bielfeld, P., & Polan, M. L. (1998) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.83.3.4632 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citationREVIEW: Effects of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) on follicle and oocyte quality
Testart, J., Lefevre, B., & Gougeon, A. (1993) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a138086 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Embryonic signals during the peri-implantation period in primates.
Jp, H., Gidley-Baird, A. A., Jk, H., Pm, S., & Ge, W. (1988) · PubMed · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Increases Cleavage Rates of Bovine Oocytes Fertilized in Vitro1
Funston, R. N., & Seidel, G. E. (1995) · Biology of Reproduction · doi:10.1095/biolreprod53.3.541 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Seshagiri, P. B., Terasawa, E., & Hearn, J. (1994) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a138699 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Balasch, J., Martínez, F., Jové, I. C., Cabré, L. J., Coroleu, B., Barri, P. N., & Vanrell, J. A. (1993) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a138210 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Gordon, K., Williams, R. F., Danforth, D. R., & Hodgen, G. D. (1990) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)54018-7 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Huang, H.-Y., Krüssel, J.-S., Wen, Y., & Polan, M. L. (1997) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/12.7.1537 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationMurdoch, W. J. (1995) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/bf00318886 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Gartner, B., Moreno, C., Marinaro, Á., Remohi, J., Sr., Simón, C., & Pellicer, A. (1997) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/12.11.2557 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Casañ, E. M., Raga, F., Krüssel, J.-S., Wen, Y., NEZHAT, C. R., & Polan, M. L. (1998) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(98)00125-3 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationBanka, C. L., & Erickson, G. F. (1985) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-117-4-1500 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Placental Growth Factors and Releasing/Inhibiting Peptides
Prager, D., Weber, M., & Herman-Bonert, V. S. (1992) · Seminars in Reproductive Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-2007-1018864 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Pellicer, A., Tarín, J. J., Miró, F., Sampaio, M. A. C., Santos, M. J. D. L., & Remohi, J. A. (1992) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/7.suppl_1.39 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Yang, B. C., Uemura, T., & MINAGUCHI, H. (1995) · Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics · doi:10.1007/bf02212901 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Is Extrapituitary Action of Gonadotrophin-Releasing Hormone Biologically Significant?
Imai, A., Furui, T., & Tamaya, T. (1992) · Annals of Clinical Biochemistry International Journal of Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.1177/000456329202900501 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Asirvatham, A. L., Johnson, G. A., Belden, E., Kirk, E. A. V., Moss, G. E., & Murdoch, W. J. (1994) · American Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0897.1994.tb01099.x · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Summers, P. M., Taylor, C. T., & Miller, M. W. (1993) · Reproduction · doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0970321 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Improvement in blastocyst hatching of mouse embryos cocultured with human placental cells
Morishita, T., Yokoyama, M., Nozaki, M., Sano, M., & Nakano, H. (1993) · Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics · doi:10.1007/bf01212934 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Science behind 25 Years of Ovarian Stimulation for in Vitro Fertilization
Macklon, N., Stouffer, R. L., Giudice, L. C., & Fauser, B. C. J. M. (2006) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2005-0015 · Cited by 561 · see citing works
Gonadotropin-releasing-hormone-receptor antagonists
Huirne, J. A. F., & Lambalk, C. B. (2001) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(01)06797-6 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
The impact of ovarian stimulation for IVF on the developing embryo
Santos, M. A., Kuijk, E., & Macklon, N. (2009) · Reproduction · doi:10.1530/rep-09-0187 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Embryo implantation and GnRH antagonists
Hernández, E. R. (2000) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/15.6.1211 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Adams, B. A., Tello, J. A., Érchegyi, J., Warby, C. M., Hong, D. J., Akinsanya, K., Mackie, G. O., Vale, W., Rivier, J., & Sherwood, N. M. (2003) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2002-0216 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Simón, C., Oberyé, J., Bellver, J., Vidal, C., Bosch, E., Horcajadas, J. A., Murphy, C. A., Adams, S., Riesewijk, A. M., Mannaerts, B. M. J. L., et al. (2005) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/dei243 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Tesařík, J. (2004) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/deh235 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Schachter, M. E., Friedler, S., Ron-El, R., Zimmerman, A. L., Strassburger, D., Bern, O., & Raziel, A. (2007) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.07.1316 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Pirard, C., Loumaye, E., Laurent, P., & Wyns, C. (2015) · International Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1155/2015/727569 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Kolibianakis, E. M., Collins, J. A., Tarlatzis, B. C., Papanikolaou, E. G., & Devroey, P. (2005) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dmi030 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Contemporary Pharmacological Manipulation in Assisted Reproduction
Huirne, J. A. F., Lambalk, C. B., van Loenen, A. C. D., Schats, R., Hompes, P. G. A., Fauser, B. C. J. M., & Macklon, N. (2004) · Drugs · doi:10.2165/00003495-200464030-00005 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Kyrou, D., Kolibianakis, E. M., Fatemi, H. M., Tarlatzi, T. B., Devroey, P., & Tarlatzis, B. C. (2011) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dmr029 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Noferesti, S. S., Sohel, M. M. H., Hoelker, M., Salilew‐Wondim, D., Tholen, E., Looft, C., Rings, F., Neuhoff, C., Schellander, K., & Tesfaye, D. (2015) · Journal of Ovarian Research · doi:10.1186/s13048-015-0208-5 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Casañ, E. M., Raga, F., Bonilla-Musoles, F. M., & Polan, M. L. (2000) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.85.4.6503 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Self-citationAdministration of single-dose GnRH agonist in the luteal phase in ICSI cycles: a meta-analysis
Oliveira, J. B. A., Baruffi, R. L. R., Petersen, C. G., Mauri, A. L., Cavagna, M., & Franco, J. G., Jr. (2010) · Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology · doi:10.1186/1477-7827-8-107 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
The role of peripheral gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors in female reproduction
Yu, B., Ruman, J. I., & Christman, G. M. (2010) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.08.045 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Atwood, C., & Meethal, S. V. (2016) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2016.03.039 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Ata, B., Yakın, K., Balaban, B., & Urman, B. (2008) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/dem421 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Biochemistry, molecular biology and cell biology of gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists
Tan, O., & Bükülmez, O. (2011) · Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/gco.0b013e328348a3ce · Cited by 48 · see citing works
A role for GnRH in early brain regionalization and eye development in zebrafish
Wu, S., Page, L. R., & Sherwood, N. M. (2006) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2006.06.010 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Wu, S., Wilson, M. D., Busby, E. R., Isaac, E. R., & Sherwood, N. M. (2010) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2009-0598 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Kolibianakis, E. M., Tarlatzis, B. C., & Devroey, P. (2005) · Reproductive BioMedicine Online · doi:10.1016/s1472-6483(10)61113-3 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone I Analog Acts as an Antiapoptotic Factor in Mouse Blastocysts
Kawamura, K., Fukuda, J., Kumagai, J., Shimizu, Y., Kodama, H., Nakamura, A., & Tanaka, T. (2005) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2004-1646 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Embryo implantation and GnRH antagonists
Kol, S. (2000) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/15.9.1881 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Chou, C.-S., Tai, C., MacCalman, C. D., & Leung, P. C. K. (2003) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2002-021277 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Hu, K.-L., Wang, S., Ye, X., Zhang, D., & Hunt, S. (2021) · Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology · doi:10.1186/s12958-021-00766-5 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Martins, W. P., Ferriani, R. A., Navarro, P. A., & Nastri, C. O. (2015) · Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1002/uog.14874 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Mbikay, M., Croissandeau, G., Sirois, F., Anini, Y., Mayne, J., Seidah, N. G., & Chrétien, M. (2007) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2007.03.523 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Schachter, M. E., Friedler, S., Raziel, A., Strassburger, D., Bern, O., & Ron-El, R. (2001) · Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics · doi:10.1023/a:1009476411762 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Chou, C.-S., Zhu, H., Shalev, E., MacCalman, C. D., & Leung, P. C. K. (2002) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2002-020883 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Choi, Y. S., Ku, S., Jee, B.-C., Suh, C.-S., Choi, Y. M., Kim, J. G., Moon, S. Y., & Kim, S. H. (2006) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/del091 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Wu, H., Chang, H., & Leung, P. C. K. (2020) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2020.100876 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
The role of LHRH agonists and antagonists
Chillik, C. F., & Acosta, A. A. (2001) · Reproductive BioMedicine Online · doi:10.1016/s1472-6483(10)62236-5 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone-regulated chemokine expression in human placentation
Cavanagh, P. C., Dunk, C., Pampillo, M., Szereszewski, J. M., Taylor, J. E., Kahiri, C., Han, V. K. M., Lye, S. J., Bhattacharya, M. M., & Babwah, A. V. (2009) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00013.2009 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone And Reproductive Medicine
Shalev, E., & Leung, P. C. K. (2003) · Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada · doi:10.1016/s1701-2163(16)30206-7 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Nam, D. H., Lee, S. H., Kim, H. S., Lee, G. S., Jeong, Y. W., Kim, S., Kim, J. H., Kang, S. K., Lee, B. C., & Hwang, W. S. (2004) · Theriogenology · doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2004.04.004 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
GnRH antagonists and endometrial receptivity in oocyte recipients: a prospective randomized trial
Prapas, N., Tavaniotou, A., Panagiotidis, Y., Prapa, S., Kasapi, E., Goudakou, M., Papatheodorou, A., & Prapas, Y. (2009) · Reproductive BioMedicine Online · doi:10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60266-0 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Pakrasi, P. L., & Jain, A. K. (2007) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2007.01.044 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Tsai, T.-C., Lin, W., Yang, S., Cheng, W. T. K., Cheng, E., Lee, M. S., Chong, K., & Chen, C. (2010) · BMC Developmental Biology · doi:10.1186/1471-213x-10-88 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Dorfman, V. B., Fraunhoffer, N. A., Inserra, P. I. F., Loidl, C. F., & Vitullo, A. D. (2011) · Journal of Molecular Histology · doi:10.1007/s10735-011-9335-5 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Enomoto, M., Utsumi, M., & Park, M. K. (2005) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2005-0460 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
GnRH agonist plus vaginal progesterone for luteal phase support in ICSI cycles: a randomized study
Aboulghar, M. A., Marie, H., Amin, Y. M., Aboulghar, M. M., Nasr, A. M., Serour, G. I., & Mansour, R. (2014) · Reproductive BioMedicine Online · doi:10.1016/j.rbmo.2014.09.017 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Majumdar, A., & Inamdar, D. B. (2012) · Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences · doi:10.4103/0974-1208.106341 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Çelik, E., Çelik, Ö., Kumbak, B., Yılmaz, E., Türkçüoğlu, İ., Şimşek, Y., Karaer, A., Minareci, Y., Özerol, E., & Tanbek, K. (2012) · Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10815-012-9843-6 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Kung, H.-F., Chen, M.-J., Guua, H.-F., Chen, Y., Yi, Y., Ho, J. Y., & Chou, M. (2014) · Journal of the Chinese Medical Association · doi:10.1016/j.jcma.2014.07.001 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Alleyassin, A., Ghasemi, M., Aghahosseini, M., Safdarian, L., Sarvi, F., Almasi‐Hashiani, A., Hosseinimousa, S., Najafian, A., & Esmailzadeh, A. (2018) · Middle East Fertility Society Journal · doi:10.1016/j.mefs.2018.01.001 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Bükülmez, O., Rehman, K. S., Langley, M. T., Carr, B. R., Nackley, A. C., Doody, K. M., & Doody, K. J. (2006) · Reproductive BioMedicine Online · doi:10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60632-3 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Antagonists
Weiss, J., Diedrich, K., & Ludwig, M. Z. (2002) · Treatments in Endocrinology · doi:10.2165/00024677-200201050-00002 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
GnRH antagonists in the treatment of infertility
Weiss, J. M., Ludwig, M. Z., Ortmann, O., & Diedrich, K. (2003) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.1080/07853890310001302 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Eser, A., Devranoğlu, B., Ergen, E. B., & Abide, Ç. Y. (2018) · Journal of the Turkish-German Gynecological Association · doi:10.4274/jtgga.2017.0045 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Bahçeci, M., Uluğ, U., Erden, H. F., Tosun, S. B., & Ciray, H. N. (2009) · Reproductive BioMedicine Online · doi:10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60426-9 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Direct ovarian effects and safety aspects of GnRH agonists and antagonists
Tarlatzis, B. C., & Kolibianakis, E. M. (2002) · Reproductive BioMedicine Online · doi:10.1016/s1472-6483(11)60211-3 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Sloth, A., Kjølhede, M., Sarmon, K. G., & Knudsen, U. B. (2021) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.1080/09513590.2021.2000962 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
GnRH as a Cell Proliferation Regulator: Mechanism of Action and Evolutionary Implications
Enomoto, M., & Park, M. K. (2004) · ZOOLOGICAL SCIENCE · doi:10.2108/zsj.21.1005 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Raga, F., Casañ, E. M., & Bonilla-Musoles, F. M. (2008) · Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research · doi:10.1111/j.1447-0756.2008.00737.x · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationChen, H.-J., Lin, Y., Hsieh, B., Seow, K., Hwang, J., & Tzeng, C. (2006) · Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10815-006-9054-0 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Song, M., Liu, C., Hu, R., Wang, F., & Huo, Z. (2019) · Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine · doi:10.3892/etm.2019.8251 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Germain, C. S., Croissandeau, G., Mayne, J., Baltz, J. M., Chrétien, M., & Mbikay, M. (2005) · Molecular Reproduction and Development · doi:10.1002/mrd.20271 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Early Expression of Chicken Gonadotropin‐Releasing Hormone‐1 in the Developing Chick
Witkin, J. W., Dao, D., Livne, I., Dunn, I., Zhou, X., Pula, K. K., & Silverman, A. (2003) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2826.2003.01073.x · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Chen, X., Feng, S., Guo, P., He, Y., Liu, Y.-D., Ye, D.-S., & Chen, S. (2016) · Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology [Medical Sciences] · doi:10.1007/s11596-016-1569-8 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Brown, J. L., Sones, J. L., Angulo, C. N., Abbott, K., Miller, A. D., Boehm, U., & Roberson, M. S. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-45997-0 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
GnRH and its receptor (GnRH-R) are expressed in the canine placenta and uterus
Schäfer-Somi, S., Kowalewski, M. P., Kanca, H., Bozkurt, M. F., Gram, A., Sabitzer, S., Kucukaslan, I., Ay, S. S., & Aslan, S. (2015) · Theriogenology · doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.07.034 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
The role of GnRH antagonists in assisted reproduction
Barri, P. N., Martínez, F., Coroleu, B., & Tur, R. (2002) · Reproductive BioMedicine Online · doi:10.1016/s1472-6483(11)60212-5 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Yang, W. J., Hwu, Y., Lee, R. K., Li, S., & Fleming, S. D. (2009) · Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology · doi:10.1186/1477-7827-7-20 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Bellver, J., Labarta, E., Bosch, E., de Melo, M. A. B., Vidal, C., Remohi, J. A., & Pellicer, A. (2009) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.04.044 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Tülek, F., Kahraman, A., & Demirel, L. C. (2022) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.1080/09513590.2022.2101635 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Achievement of pregnancy three times in the same patient during luteal GnRH agonist administration
Papanikolaou, E. G. E., Platteau, P., Albano, C., Kolibianakis, E. M., & Devroey, P. (2005) · Reproductive BioMedicine Online · doi:10.1016/s1472-6483(10)61794-4 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Dietrich, J. E., Freis, A., Beedgen, F., von Horn, K., Holschbach, V., Liebscher, J., Strowitzki, T., & Germeyer, A. (2020) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.00246 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Park, C. W., Hwang, Y. I., Koo, H. S., Kang, I. S., Yang, K. M., & Song, I. O. (2014) · Daehan saengsik uihak hoeji/Clinical and experimental reproductive medicine · doi:10.5653/cerm.2014.41.4.158 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Yang, W. J., Hwu, Y., Lee, R. K., Li, S., Lin, S.-Y., & Fleming, S. D. (2007) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.01.052 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Gogce, M., Benchaïb, M., Hadj, S., Bordes, A., du Menildot, P., Lornage, J., & Salle, B. (2015) · Gynécologie Obstétrique & Fertilité · doi:10.1016/j.gyobfe.2015.07.005 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Sengupta, A., Baker, T. M., Chakrabarti, N., Whittaker, J. A., & Sridaran, R. (2007) · Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry · doi:10.1369/jhc.6a7135.2007 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Ganirelix and the prevention of premature luteinizing hormone surges
Mannaerts, B. M. J. L. (2023) · F&S Reports · doi:10.1016/j.xfre.2023.02.009 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Green, M. P., Mouat, F., Miles, H. L., Pleasants, A. B., Henderson, H. V., Hofman, P. L., Peek, J., & Cutfield, W. S. (2014) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/deu221 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Manno, M., Tomei, F., Cervi, M., Favretti, C., & Adamo, V. (2008) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.06.001 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Burns, K. H., & Matzuk, M. M. (2006) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012515400-0/50012-9 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Chang, W.-S., Lin, P.-H., Li, C., Chern, C.-U., Chen, Y.-C., Lin, L., & Tsui, K. (2023) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-023-05491-y · Cited by 4 · see citing works
ANALYSIS OF GnRH RECEPTOR GENE EXPRESSION IN LINES OF SWINE WITH DIVERGENT OVULATION RATES
Smith, J. E. (2008) · Lincoln (University of Nebraska) · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Mother-fetus immunogenetic dialogue as a factor of progeny immune system development
Gerlinskaya, L. A., Varlachev, A. V., Krotov, G. I., Kontsevaya, G. V., & Moshkin, M. P. (2019) · Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding · doi:10.18699/vj18.444 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Systemic hormonal modulation induces sperm nucleosomal imbalance in rat spermatozoa
Ankolkar, M., Deshpande, S., & Balasinor, N. (2018) · Andrologia · doi:10.1111/and.13060 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Kaur, H., Krishna, D., Shetty, N., Krishnan, S., Srinivas, M. S., & Rao, K. A. (2012) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Les antagonistes du GnRH : effets biologiques
Devaux, A., Pouly, J.-L., Bachelot, A., Mourouvin, Z., & de Mouzon, J. (2004) · Gynécologie Obstétrique & Fertilité · doi:10.1016/j.gyobfe.2004.07.006 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Stavreus-Evers, A. C., & Cekan, S. Z. (2001) · Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine · doi:10.1067/mlc.2001.115098 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Yang, Y., Cui, Z., Feng, X., Zou, F., & Wu, X. (2025) · BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology · doi:10.1186/s40360-025-00920-4 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Embryonic early-cleavage rate is decreased with aging in GnRH agonist but not inantagonist protocols
Yang, W. J., Hwang, Y.-C., Lin, C., Hwu, Y., Lee, R. K., & Hsiao, S. (2015) · Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10815-015-0461-y · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Firouzabadi, R. D., Mohammadian, F., Mashayekhy, M., Davar, R., & Eftekhar, M. (2012) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Xu, M., Li, H., Zhao, Y., Li, H., Zhao, C., Zhang, X., Rong, N., Liang, J., & Xu, J. (2025) · International Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.2147/ijwh.s517738 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Yakovlev, P., Kogan, I. Y., Gzgzyan, A. M., & Dzhemlikhanova, L. K. (2018) · Russian Journal of Human Reproduction · doi:10.17116/repro201824343 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION OF THE GnRH RECEPTOR GENE IN LINES OF SWINE DIVERGENT FOR OVULATION RATE
McDonald, E. A. (2005) · Lincoln (University of Nebraska) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
GnRH agonist administration in the luteal phase of IVF cycles: still an experimental approach
Vakalopoulos, I., & Zeginiadou, T. (2010) · Reproductive BioMedicine Online · doi:10.1016/j.rbmo.2010.03.032 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Antagonistas de la GnRH en fecundación asistida: ¿tratamiento universal o individualizado?
(2001) · Progresos de Obstetricia y Ginecología · doi:10.1016/s0304-5013(01)75700-7 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Huang, H.-Y., Raga, F., Krüssel, J.-S., Wen, Y., Soong, Y., & Polan, M. L. (2001) · Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics · doi:10.1023/a:1016670402390 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationOVODONACIÓN : SITUACIÓN ACTUAL EN LA MEDICINA PÚBLICA
Caballero, Ó. (2008) · TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa)
Searching for the optimal GnRH antagonist regimen to compare with GnRH agonists in IVF
Huirne, J. A. F. (2007) · Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam)
Kolibianakis, E. M., & Griesinger, G. (2011) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511734755.008
Tasas de embarazo e implantación de ovodonación, en un solo intento
Hilario, R., Mejía, G., Zavala, P., Vargas, L., & Dueñas, J. (2015) · Revista Peruana de Ginecología y Obstetricia · doi:10.31403/rpgo.v53i596
Transcriptional regulation of the porcine type II GnRH receptor gene
Brauer, V. M. (2009) · Lincoln (University of Nebraska)
The role of GnRH antagonists in assisted
Martínez, F., Coroleu, B., & Tur, R. (2002)
Montagner, M. M. (2005) · Americanae (AECID Library)
- Authors
- Raga, F., Casañ, E. M., Kruessel, J., Wen, Y., Bonilla-Musoles, F., & Polan, M. L.
- Affiliations
- Universitat de València (ES)
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Reproductive Immunology Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine (F.R., E.M.C., J.K., Y.W., M.L.P.), Stanford, California
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Raga, Francisco
- Venue
- Endocrinology
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 1999-08-01
- Volume
- 140
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 3705-3712
- ISSN
- 0013-7227 (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7170
- OpenAlex
- W2062952618
- Cited by
- 111
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 4 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 5.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Università degli Studi di Udine
- National Institutes of Health (1r01hd031575-01a1)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD 31575)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Reproductive Biology and Fertility
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Keywords
- gonadotropin-releasing hormone, GnRH receptor, preimplantation embryo development, mouse embryo, GnRH agonist, GnRH antagonist, blastocyst development, embryo culture
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Blastocyst, Embryonic and Fetal Development, Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone, Mice, Inbred Strains, Morula, Receptors, LHRH, RNA, Messenger, Transcription, Genetic, Zygote, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
