Cited by 111Reproductive Biology and FertilityHypothalamic control of reproductive hormonesDevelopmental Biology and Gene Regulation

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The Role of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone in Murine Preimplantation Embryonic Development*

Raga, Francisco, Casañ, Eva Maria, Kruessel, Jan, Wen, Yan, Bonilla-Musoles, Fernando, Polan, Mary Lake·1999·Endocrinology

DOI 10.1210/endo.140.8.6899

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Abstract

Previous studies have established the presence of an extrahypothalamic GnRH in a variety of tissues. GnRH receptor is known to be present in the placenta, which produces and secretes the decapeptide from the very early stages of placentation. We hypothesized that GnRH may play a role in the preimplantation development of embryos. To examine this hypothesis, we assessed GnRH and GnRH receptor messenger RNA (mRNA; RT-PCR) and protein expression (Immunohistochemistry) in preimplantation murine embryos at various developmental stages. Furthermore, preimplantation murine embryos were cultured with GnRH agonist and antagonist in vitro to assess the influence of GnRH analogs on embryo development. GnRH is expressed in the developing mouse embryo from morula to hatching blastocyst stages at the mRNA and protein levels. GnRH receptor mRNA is also present in the developing embryos studied. Preimplantation embryonic development was significantly enhanced by incubation with increasing concentrations of GnRH agonist and is significantly decreased by GnRH antagonist compared with that in the control group. Moreover, GnRH antagonist (5 and 10 microM) was able to completely block embryo development. The deleterious effect of GnRH antagonist on embryo development was reversed by increasing concentrations of the agonist, as determined by the number of embryos reaching the blastocyst stage.

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Authors: Raga, F., Casañ, E. M., Kruessel, J., Wen, Y., Bonilla-Musoles, F., & Polan, M. L.
Affiliations: Universitat de València (ES)
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Reproductive Immunology Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine (F.R., E.M.C., J.K., Y.W., M.L.P.), Stanford, California
Stanford Medicine (US)
Corresponding author: Raga, Francisco
ORCID: Raga, Francisco
Wen, Yan
Polan, Mary Lake
Venue: Endocrinology
Publisher: The Endocrine Society
Published: 1999-08-01
Volume: 140
Issue: 8
Pages: 3705-3712
ISSN: 0013-7227 (ISSN-L)
1945-7170
DOI: 10.1210/endo.140.8.6899
OpenAlex: W2062952618
Cited by: 111
References: 46
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 4 · 2012: 5
FWCI: 5.50
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Università degli Studi di Udine
National Institutes of Health (1r01hd031575-01a1)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD 31575)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Reproductive Biology and Fertility
Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
Keywords: gonadotropin-releasing hormone, GnRH receptor, preimplantation embryo development, mouse embryo, GnRH agonist, GnRH antagonist, blastocyst development, embryo culture
MeSH terms: Animals, Blastocyst, Embryonic and Fetal Development, Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone, Mice, Inbred Strains, Morula, Receptors, LHRH, RNA, Messenger, Transcription, Genetic, Zygote, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Mice

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The Role of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone in Murine Preimplantation Embryonic Development*

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