The DOI matches its Crossref record; 46 of the 46 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Role of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone in Murine Preimplantation Embryonic Development*
Abstract
Previous studies have established the presence of an extrahypothalamic GnRH in a variety of tissues. GnRH receptor is known to be present in the placenta, which produces and secretes the decapeptide from the very early stages of placentation. We hypothesized that GnRH may play a role in the preimplantation development of embryos. To examine this hypothesis, we assessed GnRH and GnRH receptor messenger RNA (mRNA; RT-PCR) and protein expression (Immunohistochemistry) in preimplantation murine embryos at various developmental stages. Furthermore, preimplantation murine embryos were cultured with GnRH agonist and antagonist in vitro to assess the influence of GnRH analogs on embryo development. GnRH is expressed in the developing mouse embryo from morula to hatching blastocyst stages at the mRNA and protein levels. GnRH receptor mRNA is also present in the developing embryos studied. Preimplantation embryonic development was significantly enhanced by incubation with increasing concentrations of GnRH agonist and is significantly decreased by GnRH antagonist compared with that in the control group. Moreover, GnRH antagonist (5 and 10 microM) was able to completely block embryo development. The deleterious effect of GnRH antagonist on embryo development was reversed by increasing concentrations of the agonist, as determined by the number of embryos reaching the blastocyst stage.
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“as GnRH and GnRHR have been detected in the placenta and decidua of several species23–28.”
From Conditional loss of ERK1 and ERK2 results in abnormal placentation and delayed parturition in the mouse (2019) · cites this paper as [27]
Citations
Cites
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Research works printed but not linked: 1
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Macklon, N., Stouffer, R. L., Giudice, L. C., & Fauser, B. C. J. M. (2006) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2005-0015 · Cited by 572
Gonadotropin-releasing-hormone-receptor antagonists
Huirne, J. A. F., & Lambalk, C. B. (2001) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(01)06797-6 · Cited by 318
The impact of ovarian stimulation for IVF on the developing embryo
Santos, M. A., Kuijk, E., & Macklon, N. (2009) · Reproduction · doi:10.1530/rep-09-0187 · Cited by 201
Embryo implantation and GnRH antagonists
Hernández, E. R. (2000) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/15.6.1211 · Cited by 187
Adams, B. A., Tello, J. A., Érchegyi, J., Warby, C. M., Hong, D. J., Akinsanya, K., Mackie, G. O., Vale, W., Rivier, J., & Sherwood, N. M. (2003) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2002-0216 · Cited by 179
Metadata
- Authors
- Raga, F., Casañ, E. M., Kruessel, J., Wen, Y., Bonilla-Musoles, F., & Polan, M. L.
- Affiliations
- Universitat de València (ES)
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Reproductive Immunology Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine (F.R., E.M.C., J.K., Y.W., M.L.P.), Stanford, California
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Raga, Francisco
- Venue
- Endocrinology
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 1999-08-01
- Volume
- 140
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 3705-3712
- ISSN
- 0013-7227 (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7170
- OpenAlex
- W2062952618
- Cited by
- 111
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 4 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 5.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Università degli Studi di Udine
- National Institutes of Health (1r01hd031575-01a1)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD 31575)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Reproductive Biology and Fertility
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Keywords
- gonadotropin-releasing hormone, GnRH receptor, preimplantation embryo development, mouse embryo, GnRH agonist, GnRH antagonist, blastocyst development, embryo culture
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Blastocyst, Embryonic and Fetal Development, Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone, Mice, Inbred Strains, Morula, Receptors, LHRH, RNA, Messenger, Transcription, Genetic, Zygote, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Mice
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