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Cited by 1,578Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth FactorsDietary Effects on HealthRegulation of Appetite and Obesity

Nutritional regulation of the insulin-like growth factors

Thissen, J. P.·1994·Endocrine Reviews
DOI 10.1210/er.15.1.80
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Abstract

Nutrition is one of the main regulators of circulating IGF-I. In humans, serum IGF-I concentrations are markedly lowered by energy and/or protein deprivation. Both energy and proteins are critical in the regulation of serum IGF-I concentrations. Indeed, after fasting, optimal intake of both energy and protein is necessary for the rapid restoration of circulating IGF-I. We believe, however, that in adult humans energy may be somewhat more important than protein in this regard. While the lowest protein intake is able to increase IGF-I in the presence of adequate energy, there is a threshold energy requirement below which optimal protein intake fails to raise IGF-I after fasting. When energy intake is severely reduced, the carbohydrate content of the diet is a major determinant of responsiveness of IGF-I to GH. The essential amino acid content of the diet is also critical for the optimal restoration of IGF-I after fasting, when protein intake is reduced. The exquisite sensitivity of circulating IGF-I to nutrients, the nycthemeral stability of its concentrations and its relative short half-life constitute the basis for its use as a marker of both nutritional status and adequacy of nutritional rehabilitation. For these indications, IGF-I measurement is more sensitive and more specific than measurement of the other nutrient-related serum proteins (albumin, prealbumin, transferrin, retinol-binding protein). Animal models have been developed to investigate the mechanisms responsible for the nutritional regulation of IGF-I. There is no doubt that many mechanisms are involved (Fig. 12). Decline of serum IGF-I in dietary restriction is independent of the diet-induced alterations in pituitary GH secretion. The role of the liver GH receptors is dependent on the severity of the nutritional insult. In severe dietary restriction (fasting), a marked decrease of the number of somatogenic receptors supports the role of a receptor defect in the decline of circulating IGF-I. In contrast, in less severe forms of dietary restriction (protein restriction), the decline of IGF-I results from a postreceptor defect in the GH action at the hepatic level. Nutritional deprivation decreases hepatic IGF-I production by diminishing IGF-I gene expression. Decline in IGF-I gene expression is mainly caused by nutrient deficiency and less importantly by the nutritionally induced hormonal changes (insulin and T3). Diet restriction also increases the clearance and degradation of serum IGF-I through changes in the levels of circulating IGFBPs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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Authors
Thissen, J. P.
Affiliations
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
ORCID
Thissen, J. P.
Venue
Endocrine Reviews
Publisher
The Endocrine Society
Published
1994-02-01
Volume
15
Issue
1
Pages
80-101
ISSN
0163-769X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1210/er.15.1.80
OpenAlex
W1964652533
Cited by
1,578
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 47 · 2012: 45
FWCI
41.61
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Endocrine Reviews (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Digital Access to Libraries (Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), l'Université de Namur (UNamur) and the Université Saint-Louis (USL-B)) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5r01hd028081-05, 5r01hd026871-05)
  • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD-28081, HD 08299, HD 26871, R01HD008299)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Dietary Effects on Health
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
Keywords
insulin-like growth factor I, nutritional regulation, caloric restriction, protein restriction, fasting, growth hormone, IGF-I binding proteins, dietary biomarkers, nutritional rehabilitation, essential amino acids, carbohydrate intake, postreceptor defect
MeSH terms
Animals, Diet, Fasting, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Hypothalamus, Insulin, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, Insulin-Like Growth Factor II, Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Nutritional Status, Somatomedins, Thyroid Hormones, Exercise

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