Dynamics of Diabetes-Associated Autoantibodies in Young Children with Human Leukocyte Antigen-Conferred Risk of Type 1 Diabetes Recruited from the General Population
Abstract
This study characterized the dynamics of islet cell antibodies (ICA), insulin antibodies (IAA), glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GADA), and IA-2 antibodies (IA-2A) in 1006 children recruited from the general population due to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DQB1-conferred risk for type 1 diabetes (T1D). By the age of 5 yr, 13.8% of the children had had one or more autoantibodies in at least one sample drawn at 3- to 12-month intervals from birth, whereas 6.1% had had one or more of the three autoantibodies to biochemically defined antigens in at least two consecutive samples. The cumulative frequencies of positivity for at least two antibodies ranged from 3.2-4.4%. Seventy-five children (7.5%) had at least once ICA, 83 (8.3%) had IAA, 46 (4.6%) had GADA, and 33 (3.3%) had IA-2A. IAA were transient more frequently than the other antibodies (P < or = 0.03) and fluctuated between positivity and negativity more often than ICA (P = 0.001). The genetically high risk children were positive for each autoantibody reactivity more often (P < or = 0.03) than the moderate risk subjects. Thirteen of the 1006 children (1.3%) presented with T1D by the age of 5 yr. The most sensitive predictors of T1D were ICA and IAA, whereas the most specific predictor was IA-2A. Positivity for at least two autoantibodies of IAA, GADA, and IA-2A had the highest positive predictive value for T1D (34%). We conclude that the frequency of various diabetes-associated autoantibodies increases at a relatively…
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Development of type 1 diabetes-associated autoimmunity in the months or years before symptomatic onset shows some seasonal synchronisation.
“Development of type 1 diabetes-associated autoimmunity (ie, formation of islet autoantibodies) in the months or years before onset of symptomatic type 1 diabetes also shows some seasonal synchronisation.9”
From Type 1 diabetes (2014) · cites this paper as [9]
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Self-citationType 1 diabetes associated autoimmunity: natural history, genetic associations and screening
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- Authors
- Kukko, M., Kimpimäki, T., Korhonen, S., Kupila, A., Simell, S., Veijola, R., Simell, T., Ilonen, J., Simell, O., & Knip, M.
- Affiliations
- Diabetes Tutkimussaatio (FI)
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation Center for the Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes in Finland (M.K., T.K., S.K., A.K., S.S., R.V., T.S., J.I., O.S., M.K.), FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
- University of Turku (FI)
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Knip, M.
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2005-05-01
- Volume
- 90
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 2712-2717
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- OpenAlex
- W2057159752
- Cited by
- 116
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 5.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Diabetes and associated disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Keywords
- type 1 diabetes, autoantibodies, islet cell antibodies, insulin autoantibodies, glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies, IA-2 autoantibodies, HLA-DQB1, genetic risk, islet autoimmunity, children, disease prediction, autoantibody persistence
- MeSH terms
- Autoantibodies, Child, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Female, Glutamate Decarboxylase, HLA-DQ Antigens, Humans, Insulin Antibodies, Male, HLA-DQ beta-Chains
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