Correlations between Serum Testosterone, Estradiol, and Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin and Bone Mineral Density in a Diverse Sample of Men
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Context The relationship between hormones and bone mineral density (BMD) in men has received considerable attention. However, most studies have been conducted in homogenous populations, and it is not known whether differences in hormones impact racial and ethnic differences in BMD. Objective Our objective was to examine associations of testosterone, estradiol, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) with BMD in a racially and ethnically diverse population. Design This was a population-based, observational survey. Participants A total of 976 Black, Hispanic, and white randomly selected men ages 30-79 yr from the Boston Area Community Health/Bone Survey were included. Outcome BMD at the hip, wrist, and spine were calculated. Results The mean age of the sample was 46.7 +/- 12.4 yr. BMD levels were highest in black men, followed by Hispanic and then white men. Associations between hormones and BMD were consistent across racial and ethnic groups. Total and free testosterone was not correlated with BMD in age- or multivariate-adjusted models. SHBG was inversely correlated with total hip and ultradistal radius BMD after age adjustment, but not with multivariate adjustment for age, lean mass, fat mass, physical activity, self-rated health, and smoking. Total and free estradiol levels were positively and significantly correlated with femoral neck and total hip BMD, even with multivariate adjustment (partial correlations ranged between 0.11 and 0.16). However, estradiol levels failed t…
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Associations between total T levels and low bone density have been reported, but results are conflicting.
“Interestingly, associations between total T levels and low bone density have been reported, but results are conflicting [146, 160–162].”
From Role of sex hormone-binding globulin in the free hormone hypothesis and the relevance of free testosterone in androgen physiology (2022) · cites this paper as [160]
For free T, lower values were reported in association with secondary osteoporosis, while another study could not confirm an association with BMD.
“For free T, lower values were reported in association with secondary osteoporosis [146], while another study could not confirm an association with BMD [160].”
From Role of sex hormone-binding globulin in the free hormone hypothesis and the relevance of free testosterone in androgen physiology (2022) · cites this paper as [160]
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- Authors
- Araujo, A. B., Travison, T. G., Leder, B. Z., & McKinlay, J. B.
- Affiliations
- New England Research Institutes, Incorporated (A.B.A., T.G.T., J.B.M.), Watertown, Massachusetts 02472
- New England Research Institutes (US)
- Massachusetts General Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- McKinlay, John B.
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2008-06-01
- Volume
- 93
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 2135-2141
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- PMC
- PMC2435644
- OpenAlex
- W2070571578
- Cited by
- 86
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 7.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG020727, AG20727)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK56842, U01DK056842, R01DK056842)
- National Center for Research Resources (K23 RR 16310, K23RR016310)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
- Keywords
- bone mineral density, testosterone, estradiol, sex hormone-binding globulin, men, racial and ethnic differences, Black men, Hispanic men, white men, hip bone density, femoral neck, osteoporosis
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Estradiol, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Sampling Studies, Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin, Testosterone, Bone Density, Population Groups
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