Serum estrogen, but not testosterone, levels differ between black and white men in a nationally representative sample of Americans

Rohrmann, Sabine; Nelson, William G.; Rifai, Nader; Brown, Terry R.; Dobs, Adrian; Kanarek, Norma; Yager, James D.; Platz, Elizabeth A.

doi:10.1210/jc.2007-0028

Cited by 165Hormonal and reproductive studiesProstate Cancer Treatment and ResearchSperm and Testicular Function

Serum estrogen, but not testosterone, levels differ between black and white men in a nationally representative sample of Americans

Rohrmann, Sabine, Nelson, William G., Rifai, Nader, Brown, Terry R., Dobs, Adrian, Kanarek, Norma, Yager, James D., Platz, Elizabeth A.·2007·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

DOI 10.1210/jc.2007-0028

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Abstract

Context: Higher testosterone in black compared with white men has been postulated to explain their higher prostate cancer incidence. Previous studies comparing hormone levels by race might have been limited by size, restricted age variation, or lack of representation of the general population. Objective: Our objective was to compare serum testosterone, estradiol, and SHBG concentrations among non-Hispanic black, non-Hispanic white, and Mexican-American men. Participants, Design, and Setting: A total of 1413 men aged 20+ yr and who attended the morning examination session of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) in 1988–1991 were included in this cross-sectional study. Measurement: Serum hormone concentrations were measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassays. Results: After applying sampling weights and adjusting for age, percent body fat, alcohol, smoking, and activity, testosterone concentrations were not different between non-Hispanic blacks (n = 363; geometric mean, 5.29 ng/ml) and non-Hispanic whites (n = 674; 5.11 ng/ml; P > 0.05) but were higher in Mexican-Americans (n = 376; 5.48 ng/ml; P < 0.05). Non-Hispanic blacks (40.80 pg/ml) had a higher estradiol concentration than non-Hispanic whites (35.46 pg/ml; P < 0.01) and Mexican-Americans (34.11 pg/ml; P < 0.01). Non-Hispanic blacks (36.49 nmol/liter) had a higher SHBG concentration than non-Hispanic whites (34.91 nmol/liter; P < 0.05) and Mexican-Americans (35.04 nmol/liter; P < 0.05). Conclusions: Contrary to the postulated racial difference, testosterone concentrations did not differ notably between black and white men. However, blacks had higher estradiol levels. Mexican-Americans had higher testosterone than whites but similar estradiol and SHBG concentrations. Given these findings, it may be equally if not more important to investigate estradiol as testosterone in relation to diseases with racial disparity.

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Age and race are well-established, non-modifiable predictors of sex steroid hormone concentrations in men.
“Age [13, 14] and race [13–15] are well-established, but non-modifiable, predictors of sex steroid hormone concentrations in men.”
From Association of cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical activity with sex steroid hormone levels in US men (2009) · cites this paper as [14]
Adiposity is a well-known modifiable predictor of sex steroid hormones in men.
“Adiposity is a well-known modifiable predictor of sex steroid hormones in men [14, 16–20]”
From Association of cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical activity with sex steroid hormone levels in US men (2009) · cites this paper as [14]
Moderate alcohol use has not been associated with altered testosterone levels.
“In contrast to smoking, moderate alcohol use has not been associated with altered T levels.”
From Challenges in Testosterone Measurement, Data Interpretation, and Methodological Appraisal of Interventional Trials (2016) · cites this paper as [76]
Data on the effect of smoking on testosterone levels are contradictory.
“Contradictory data are available on the effect of smoking on T levels.”
From Challenges in Testosterone Measurement, Data Interpretation, and Methodological Appraisal of Interventional Trials (2016) · cites this paper as [76]
Both free and total testosterone are equally associated with BMI, erectile dysfunction, and decreased libido.
“Both fT and TT are equally associated with BMI, ED, and decreased libido.”
From Challenges in Testosterone Measurement, Data Interpretation, and Methodological Appraisal of Interventional Trials (2016) · cites this paper as [76]

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Racial/ethnic differences in serum sex steroid hormone concentrations in US adolescent males
López, D. S., Peskoe, S. B., Joshu, C. E., Dobs, A. S., Feinleib, M., Kanarek, N., Nelson, W. G., Selvin, E., Rohrmann, S., & Platz, E. A. (2013) · Cancer Causes & Control · doi:10.1007/s10552-013-0154-8 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
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Abstract A133: Racial/ethnic differences in serum sex steroid hormone concentrations in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adolescent males
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Serum androgen levels in black, Hispanic, and white men
Litman, H. J., Bhasin, S., Link, C. L., Araujo, A. B., & McKinlay, J. B. (2006) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2006-0037 · Cited by 127 · see citing works

Authors: Rohrmann, S., Nelson, W. G., Rifai, N., Brown, T. R., Dobs, A., Kanarek, N., Yager, J. D., & Platz, E. A.
Affiliations: German Cancer Research Center (DE)
Johns Hopkins University (US)
Boston Children's Hospital (US)
Corresponding author: Platz, Elizabeth A.
ORCID: Rohrmann, Sabine
Nelson, William G.
Rifai, Nader
Dobs, Adrian
Kanarek, Norma
Platz, Elizabeth A.
Venue: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
Publisher: The Endocrine Society
Published: 2007-07-01
Volume: 92
Issue: 7
Pages: 2519-2525
ISSN: 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
1945-7197
DOI: 10.1210/jc.2007-0028
OpenAlex: W2121555105
Cited by: 164
References: 42
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 9
FWCI: 6.11
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Johns Hopkins University
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Prostate Cancer Treatment and Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Sperm and Testicular Function
Keywords: serum testosterone, estradiol, sex hormone-binding globulin, racial differences, Black men, white men, Mexican American men, prostate cancer risk, sex hormones, NHANES III
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Black or African American, Cross-Sectional Studies, Estrogens, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nutrition Surveys, Risk Factors, Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin, Testosterone, United States, Mexican Americans, Age Distribution, Black People, White People

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Serum estrogen, but not testosterone, levels differ between black and white men in a nationally representative sample of Americans

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