The effect of branched chain amino acids on skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in young and elderly adults
Open accessAbstract
Context: A reduction in maximal mitochondrial ATP production rate (MAPR) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) abundance occurs with age in association with muscle weakness and reduced endurance in elderly people. Branched chain amino acids (BCAA) have been extensively used to improve physical performance. Objective: The objective was to determine whether an 8-h infusion of BCAA enhances MAPR equally in healthy young and elderly adults. Methods: Using a crossover study design, we compared the effect BCAA vs. saline infusion in 12 young (23.0 ± 0.8 yr) and 12 elderly (70.7 ± 1.1 yr) participants matched for sex and body mass index. Skeletal muscle MAPR and mtDNA abundance were measured in muscle biopsy samples obtained before and at the end of the 8-h infusion. Results: In young participants, MAPR with the substrates glutamate plus malate (supplying electrons to complex I) and succinate plus rotenone (complex II) increased in response to BCAA infusion, relative to a decline in MAPR in response to the saline infusion. In contrast, MAPR was unaffected by BCAA infusion in the elderly participants. Moreover, mtDNA abundance was lower in the elderly compared with the young participants but was unaffected by the BCAA infusion. Insulin and C-peptide concentrations declined over time during the saline infusion, but these declines were prevented by the BCAA infusion. Conclusions: BCAA increased skeletal muscle MAPR in the young participants in comparison with saline, but this effect was not seen in the elderly participants indicating, that unlike in the young, BCAA does not increase muscle mitochondrial function in the elderly.
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Maximal mitochondrial ATP production rates in response to a supply of complex I substrates are lower in older than in younger adults.
“These findings are consistent with recent data indicating that maximal mitochondrial ATP production rates in response to a supply of complex I substrates are lower in older than in younger adults (35, 39).”
From Combined Training Enhances Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Oxidative Capacity Independent of Age (2015) · cites this paper as [39]
Essential and/or branched chain amino acids support cardiac and skeletal muscle through increased mitochondrial biogenesis and function in both mice and humans.
“More recently, essential and/or branched chain amino acids have been shown to support cardiac and skeletal muscle through increased mitochondrial biogenesis and function in both mice and humans (D’Antona et al., 2010; Tatpati et al., 2010; Valerio et al., 2011).”
From Mitochondrial (Dys)function and Insulin Resistance: From Pathophysiological Molecular Mechanisms to the Impact of Diet (2019) · cites this paper as Tatpati et al., 2010
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Tatpati, L. L., Irving, B. A., Tom, A., Bigelow, M. L., Klaus, K., Short, K. R., & Nair, K. S.
- Affiliations
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Corresponding author
- Nair, K. Sreekumaran
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2010-02-01
- Volume
- 95
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 894-902
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- PMC
- PMC2840857
- OpenAlex
- W2111271771
- Cited by
- 44
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 7 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 0.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Civil War Book Review (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Mayo Clinic (UL1 RR024150, 55905, RR024150, KL2 RR024151)
- National Institutes of Health (RR024150, UL1-RR-024150-01, RR024150-01)
- National Institute on Aging (R01‐AG09531, R01AG009531)
- National Center for Research Resources (RR-024150, RR‐024150‐01, KL2RR024151, RR024151, RR024151-01, UL1RR024150)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Keywords
- branched-chain amino acids, skeletal muscle mitochondrial function, aging, older adults, muscle weakness, insulin, C-peptide, glutamate-malate
- MeSH terms
- Adenosine Triphosphate, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Amino Acids, Branched-Chain, Blood Glucose, C-Peptide, DNA, Mitochondrial, Fatty Acids, Nonesterified, Female, Glucagon, Humans, Insulin, Male, Mitochondria, Muscle, Muscle, Skeletal, Young Adult
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