The Human Placenta Expresses CYP17 and Generates Androgens De Novo
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The human placenta is believed to have insignificant CYP17 expression, rendering it dependent on the maternal and fetal compartments for the necessary androgenic precursors to yield the high levels of estrogens seen in pregnancy. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to analyze whether the human trophoblast is capable of expressing CYP17 and producing androgens de novo. METHODS: Human trophoblasts from fresh placentas and JEG-3 cells were used for all experiments. CYP17 mRNA analysis was performed via RT-PCR, and protein detection by Western blot and immunohistochemical staining. Steroid products were quantified using RIAs. RESULTS: CYP17 mRNA was expressed in both cell types. CYP17 protein was detected by Western blotting and localized by immunostaining mainly to the cytoplasm of syncytiotrophoblasts. Measurement of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione, and their aromatized products in the media further demonstrated CYP17 expression and activity in the human trophoblast. Baseline levels of CYP17 steroid products were higher in primary cells and significantly increased in the presence of 22-hydroxycholesterol. CONCLUSIONS: We have demonstrated CYP17 mRNA and protein expression and activity in human trophoblasts. Considering the precursor concentration, blood flow, and mass of the placenta, we suggest that its contribution of androgens is an important source of estrogen production in pregnancy.
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CYP17A1 activity is sufficient for the production of T, E1 and E2, as demonstrated for trophoblasts.
“However, CYP17A1 activity is sufficient for the production of T, E1 and E2, as has been demonstrated for trophoblasts (Escobar et al., 2011).”
From Intracrine androgen biosynthesis, metabolism and action revisited (2018) · cites this paper as Escobar et al., 2011
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- Authors
- Escobar, J. C., Patel, S. S., Beshay, V. E., Suzuki, T., & Carr, B. R.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
- Tohoku University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Carr, B. R.
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2011-05
- Volume
- 96
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1385-1392
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- OpenAlex
- W1977514238
- Cited by
- 80
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 6.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Reproductive System and Pregnancy
- Keywords
- CYP17, human placenta, trophoblast, syncytiotrophoblast, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione, 22-hydroxycholesterol, JEG-3 cells, placental steroidogenesis
- MeSH terms
- Adrenal Cortex Hormones, Adult, Androgens, Anencephaly, Cell Line, Cells, Cultured, Culture Media, Female, Fetal Death, Humans, Hydroxycholesterols, Immunohistochemistry, Placenta, Pregnancy, RNA, Messenger, Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase, Steroids, Sulfatases, Trophoblasts, Blotting, Western, Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Cell Line, Tumor
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