Cited by 74Thyroid Disorders and TreatmentsOphthalmology and Eye DisordersThyroid and Parathyroid Surgery

Hyperthyroidism Incidence Fluctuates Widely in and Around Pregnancy and Is at Variance With Some Other Autoimmune Diseases: A Danish Population-Based Study

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Andersen, Stine Linding, Olsen, Jørn, Carlé, Allan, Laurberg, Peter·2015·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

Abstract

CONTEXT: Hyperthyroidism in women of reproductive age is predominantly caused by Graves' disease. Pregnancy associated changes in the immune system may influence the onset of disease, but population-based incidence rates in and around pregnancy have not been reported. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to estimate the incidence of maternal hyperthyroidism (defined by redeemed prescription of antithyroid drugs) in and around pregnancy and to compare this with the incidence of other autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). DESIGN: This was a population-based cohort study. SETTING: The study used the Danish nationwide registers. PARTICIPANTS: The participants were women who gave birth to singleton liveborn children in Denmark from 1999 to 2008 (n = 403,958). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Incidence rates (IR) of maternal hyperthyroidism during a 4-year period beginning 2 years before and ending 2 years after the date when the mother was giving birth for the first time in the study period were measured. RESULTS: Altogether 3673 women (0.9%) were identified with an onset of hyperthyroidism from 1997 to 2010, and the overall IR of maternal hyperthyroidism was 65.0/100,000/year. The IR of hyperthyroidism in and around pregnancy varied widely and was high in the first 3 months of pregnancy [incidence rate ratio (IRR) vs the remaining study period: 1.50 (95% CI 1.09-2.06)), very low in the last 3 months of pregnancy (0.26 (0.15-0.44)], and reached the highest level 7-9 months postpartum [3.80 (2.88-5.02)]. The incidence variation in and around pregnancy was different for RA and IBD. CONCLUSION: These are the first population-based data on the incidence of hyperthyroidism in and around pregnancy. The incidence of hyperthyroidism was high in early pregnancy and postpartum, whereas such particular pattern was not observed for other diseases of autoimmune origin.

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Crossref · 10.1210/jc.2014-3588

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Authors
Andersen, S. L., Olsen, J., Carlé, A., & Laurberg, P.
Affiliations
  • Aarhus University (DK)
  • Regionshospitalet Silkeborg (DK)
  • Aalborg University (DK)
Corresponding author
Andersen, Stine Linding
Venue
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
Published
2015-03
Volume
100
Issue
3
Pages
1164-1171
ISSN
  • 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
  • 1945-7197
OpenAlex
W1987056852
Cited by
74
References
41
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 3
FWCI
5.63
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
other-oa
Locations
  • The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Ophthalmology and Eye Disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery
Keywords
maternal hyperthyroidism, Graves' disease, pregnancy, incidence, postpartum period, autoimmune disease, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, antithyroid drugs, women of reproductive age
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Autoimmune Diseases, Denmark, Female, Humans, Hyperthyroidism, Middle Aged, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Cohort Studies, Incidence, Age of Onset, Young Adult

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