Hyperthyroidism Incidence Fluctuates Widely in and Around Pregnancy and Is at Variance With Some Other Autoimmune Diseases: A Danish Population-Based Study
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CONTEXT: Hyperthyroidism in women of reproductive age is predominantly caused by Graves' disease. Pregnancy associated changes in the immune system may influence the onset of disease, but population-based incidence rates in and around pregnancy have not been reported. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to estimate the incidence of maternal hyperthyroidism (defined by redeemed prescription of antithyroid drugs) in and around pregnancy and to compare this with the incidence of other autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). DESIGN: This was a population-based cohort study. SETTING: The study used the Danish nationwide registers. PARTICIPANTS: The participants were women who gave birth to singleton liveborn children in Denmark from 1999 to 2008 (n = 403,958). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Incidence rates (IR) of maternal hyperthyroidism during a 4-year period beginning 2 years before and ending 2 years after the date when the mother was giving birth for the first time in the study period were measured. RESULTS: Altogether 3673 women (0.9%) were identified with an onset of hyperthyroidism from 1997 to 2010, and the overall IR of maternal hyperthyroidism was 65.0/100,000/year. The IR of hyperthyroidism in and around pregnancy varied widely and was high in the first 3 months of pregnancy [incidence rate ratio (IRR) vs the remaining study period: 1.50 (95% CI 1.09-2.06)), very low in the last 3 months of pregnancy (0.26 (0.15-0.44)], and reached the highest level 7-9 months postpartum [3.80 (2.88-5.02)]. The incidence variation in and around pregnancy was different for RA and IBD. CONCLUSION: These are the first population-based data on the incidence of hyperthyroidism in and around pregnancy. The incidence of hyperthyroidism was high in early pregnancy and postpartum, whereas such particular pattern was not observed for other diseases of autoimmune origin.
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The Neurology of Immune-Mediated Disorders in Women
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Neuro-inflammatory Disorders in Women
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Thyroid Crisis and Septic Suspected Sepsis in the First Trimester of Pregnancy
Hidayati, M., & Rachmawati, B. (2020) · INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY · doi:10.24293/ijcpml.v26i3.1535
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Graves’ Hyperthyroidism in Pregnancy
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Article Review: Present Perspectives of Hyperthyroidism During Pregnancy
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Postpartum thyroid dysfunction
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Validity of a thyrotoxicosis diagnosis code among women of fertile age
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Gestation- and lactation-dependent effects of experimental hyperthyroidism
Sánchez, M. B., Lara, M. C. M., Jahn, G. A., & Mackern‐Oberti, J. P. (2026) · Journal of Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/jme-25-0198
- Authors
- Andersen, S. L., Olsen, J., Carlé, A., & Laurberg, P.
- Affiliations
- Aarhus University (DK)
- Regionshospitalet Silkeborg (DK)
- Aalborg University (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Andersen, Stine Linding
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2015-03
- Volume
- 100
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1164-1171
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- OpenAlex
- W1987056852
- Cited by
- 74
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 3
- FWCI
- 5.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- vbn.aau.dk
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Ophthalmology and Eye Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery
- Keywords
- maternal hyperthyroidism, Graves' disease, pregnancy, incidence, postpartum period, autoimmune disease, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, antithyroid drugs, women of reproductive age
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Autoimmune Diseases, Denmark, Female, Humans, Hyperthyroidism, Middle Aged, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Cohort Studies, Incidence, Age of Onset, Young Adult
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