CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 33Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth FactorsPituitary Gland Disorders and TreatmentsHypothalamic control of reproductive hormones

Mortality in children receiving growth hormone treatment of growth disorders: data from the genetics and neuroendocrinology of short stature international study

Open access
Quigley, Charmian A, Child, Christopher J, Zimmermann, Alan G, Rosenfeld, Ron G, Robison, Leslie L, Blum, Werner F·2017·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
DOI 10.1210/jc.2017-00214
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Context: Although pediatric growth hormone (GH) treatment is generally considered safe for approved indications, concerns have been raised regarding potential for increased risk of mortality in adults treated with GH during childhood. Objective: To assess mortality in children receiving GH. Design: Prospective, multinational, observational study. Setting: Eight hundred twenty-seven study sites in 30 countries. Patients: Children with growth disorders. Interventions: GH treatment during childhood. Main Outcome Measure: Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using age- and sex-specific rates from the general population. Results: Among 9504 GH-treated patients followed for ≥4 years (67,163 person-years of follow-up), 42 deaths were reported (SMR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.56 to 1.05). SMR was significantly elevated in patients with history of malignant neoplasia (6.97; 95% CI, 3.81 to 11.69) and borderline elevated for those with other serious non-GH-deficient conditions (2.47; 95% CI, 0.99-5.09). SMRs were not elevated for children with history of benign neoplasia (1.44; 95% CI, 0.17 to 5.20), idiopathic GHD (0.11; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.33), idiopathic short stature (0.20; 95% CI, 0.01 to 1.10), short stature associated with small for gestational age (SGA) birth (0.66; 95% CI, 0.08 to 2.37), Turner syndrome (0.51; 95% CI, 0.06 to 1.83), or short stature homeobox-containing (SHOX) gene deficiency (0.83; 95% CI, 0.02 to 4.65). Conclusions: No significant increases in mortality were observed for GH-treated children with idiopathic GHD, idiopathic short stature, born SGA, Turner syndrome, SHOX deficiency, or history of benign neoplasia. Mortality was elevated for children with prior malignancy and those with underlying serious non-GH-deficient medical conditions.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1210/jc.2017-00214

Cites

48 of 48 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • No overall increase in mortality due to GH relative to other GH-treated pediatric populations has been reported in TS individuals in GH registries.

    “No overall increase in mortality due to GH relative to other GH-treated pediatric populations has been reported in individuals with TS followed in the GH registries.173,197,208,225”

    From Clinical practice guidelines for the care of girls and women with Turner syndrome. (2024) · cites this paper as [197]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. Crowley RK, Argese N, Tomlinson JW, Stewart PM. Central hypo- adrenalism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014;99(11):4027-4036.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Quigley, C. A., Child, C. J., Zimmermann, A. G., Rosenfeld, R. G., Robison, L. L., & Blum, W. F.
Affiliations
  • Indiana University School of Medicine (US)
  • Endocrinology, Lilly Research Laboratories, Windlesham, Surrey GU20 6PH, United Kingdom
  • Eli Lilly (United States) (US)
  • Oregon Health & Science University (US)
  • St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (US)
  • Endocrinology, University Children’s Hospital, 35392 Giessen, Germany
Corresponding author
Quigley, Charmian A
ORCID
Venue
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
Publisher
The Endocrine Society
Published
2017-05-26
Volume
102
Issue
9
Pages
3195-3205
ISSN
  • 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
  • 1945-7197
DOI
10.1210/jc.2017-00214
OpenAlex
W2618242417
Cited by
33
References
48
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 7
FWCI
4.11
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Eli Lilly and Company
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Pituitary Gland Disorders and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
Keywords
growth hormone therapy, child mortality, growth disorders, idiopathic growth hormone deficiency, idiopathic short stature, small for gestational age, Turner syndrome, SHOX deficiency, prior malignancy, standardized mortality ratio, long-term safety, childhood cancer survivors
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Body Height, Child, Child, Preschool, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Drug Administration Schedule, Female, Growth Disorders, Humans, Male, Prospective Studies, Reference Values, Cohort Studies, Confidence Intervals, Survival Analysis, Treatment Outcome, Risk Assessment, Human Growth Hormone, Internationality, Kaplan-Meier Estimate

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review