Associations of Outdoor Temperature, Bright Sunlight, and Cardiometabolic Traits in Two European Population-Based Cohorts
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CONTEXT: Seasonal variation in cold and light exposure may influence metabolic health. OBJECTIVE: We assessed the associations of bright sunlight and outdoor temperature with measures of glucose and lipid metabolism in two populations of middle-aged European subjects. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Two population-based European cohorts. PARTICIPANTS: Middle-aged nondiabetic subjects from the Oxford Biobank (OBB; N = 4327; mean age, 41.4 years) and the Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity (NEO) study (N = 5899; mean age, 55.6 years). INTERVENTIONS: Data on outdoor bright sunlight and temperature collected from local weather stations. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Insulin resistance and fasting lipid levels. Multivariable regression analyses were adjusted for age, sex, percentage body fat, season, and either outdoor temperature or bright sunlight. RESULTS: In the OBB cohort, increased bright sunlight exposure was associated with lower fasting insulin [-1.27% (95% CI, -2.09 to -0.47%) per extra hour of bright sunlight], lower homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (-1.36%; 95% CI, -2.23 to -0.50), lower homeostatic model assessment for β-cell function (-0.80%; 95% CI, -1.31 to -0.30), and lower triglyceride (-1.28%; 95% CI, -2.07 to -0.50) levels. In the NEO cohort generally unidirectional but weaker associations were observed. No associations between outdoor temperature and measures of glucose or lipid metabolism were detected following adjustment for bright sunlight. CONCLUSIONS: Bright sunlight, but not outdoor temperature, might be associated with increased insulin sensitivity and lower triglyceride levels.
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Circadian disruption may drive the cluster of risk factors and disorders including T2DM, CVD, ageing, hypertension, sleep apnoea, NAFLD and depression as well as dyslipidaemia.
“Thus, it is reasonable to propose circadian disruption may drive this frequently seen cluster of risk factors and disorders that include T2DM, CVD, ageing, hypertension, sleep apnoea, NAFLD and depression as well as some other CVD risk factors including dyslipidaemia 3, 17, 18, 19, 23.”
From The Circadian Syndrome: is the Metabolic Syndrome and much more! (2019) · cites this paper as [18]
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The Circadian Syndrome: is the Metabolic Syndrome and much more!
Zimmet, P., Alberti, K. G. M. M., Stern, N., Bilu, C., El‐Osta, A., Einat, H., & Kronfeld‐Schor, N. (2019) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/joim.12924 · Cited by 387 · see citing works
- Authors
- Noordam, R., Ramkisoensing, A., Loh, N. Y., Neville, M. J., Rosendaal, F. R., Willems van Dijk, K., van Heemst, D., Karpe, F., Christodoulides, C., & Kooijman, S.
- Affiliations
- Leiden University Medical Center (NL)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (GB)
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Corresponding author
- Christodoulides, Constantinos
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2019-02-12
- Volume
- 104
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 2903-2910
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- PMC
- PMC6543772
- OpenAlex
- W2914498933
- Cited by
- 20
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4
- FWCI
- 2.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- FP7 Health (Health-2013-INNOVATION-1-602757)
- Hartstichting (CVON2014-02 ENERGISE, 2017T016)
- European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes
- British Heart Foundation (RG/17/1/32663)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Vitamin D Research Studies
- Keywords
- outdoor temperature, insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity, beta-cell function, fasting insulin, triglycerides, lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism, seasonal variation, middle-aged adults, sun exposure
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Adult, Blood Glucose, Cross-Sectional Studies, England, Female, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Cholesterol, HDL, Cholesterol, LDL, Male, Middle Aged, Netherlands, Seasons, Sunlight, Temperature, Triglycerides, Weather, Multivariate Analysis, White People, Overweight
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