Light therapy for better mood and insulin sensitivity in patients with major depression and type 2 diabetes: a randomised, double-blind, parallel-arm trial
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Major depression and type 2 diabetes often co-occur. Novel treatment strategies for depression in type 2 diabetes patients are warranted, as depression in type 2 diabetes patients is associated with poor prognosis and treatment results. Major depression and concurrent sleep disorders have been related to disturbances of the biological clock. The biological clock is also involved in regulation of glucose metabolism by modulating peripheral insulin sensitivity. Light therapy has been shown to be an effective antidepressant that 'resets' the biological clock. We here describe the protocol of a study that evaluates the hypothesis that light therapy improves mood as well as insulin sensitivity in patients with a major depressive episode and type 2 diabetes. METHODS/DESIGN: This study is a randomised, double-blind, parallel-arm trial in 98 participants with type 2 diabetes and a major depressive episode, according to DSM-IV criteria. We will assess whether light therapy improves depressive symptoms and insulin sensitivity, our primary outcome measures, and additionally investigate whether these effects are mediated by restoration of the circadian rhythmicity, as measured by sleep and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity. Participants will be randomly allocated to a bright white-yellowish light condition or dim green light condition. Participants will undergo light therapy for half an hour every morning for 4 weeks at home. At several time points, namely before the start of light therapy, during light therapy, after completion of 4 weeks of light therapy and after 4 weeks follow-up, several psychometrical, psychophysiological and glucometabolic measures will be performed. DISCUSSION: If light therapy effectively improves mood and insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes patients with a major depressive episode, light therapy may be a valuable patient friendly addition to the currently available treatment strategies. Additionally, if our data support the role of restoration of circadian rhythmicity, such an observation may guide further development of chronobiological treatment strategies in this patient population. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The Netherlands Trial Register (NTR) NTR4942 . Registered 13 January 2015.
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Light therapy and other treatments affecting the circadian clock are used as a therapy for depression.
“Depression is related to disturbances of the circadian clock, and light therapy and other treatment affecting the circadian clock are used as a therapy for depression 83, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96.”
From The Circadian Syndrome: is the Metabolic Syndrome and much more! (2019) · cites this paper as [88]
Depression is related to disturbances of the circadian clock.
“Depression is related to disturbances of the circadian clock, and light therapy and other treatment affecting the circadian clock are used as a therapy for depression 83, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96.”
From The Circadian Syndrome: is the Metabolic Syndrome and much more! (2019) · cites this paper as [88]
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Impact of gut microbiota on cardiac aging
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The Circadian Axis and Cardiometabolic Syndrome
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Circadian rhythm amplification in diabetic retinopathy: a pilot study
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- Authors
- Brouwer, A., van Raalte, D. H., Diamant, M., Rutters, F., van Someren, E. J. W., Snoek, F. J., Beekman, A. T. F., & Bremmer, M. A.
- Affiliations
- Amsterdam Public Health (NL)
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Brouwer, Annelies
- Venue
- BMC Psychiatry
- Published
- 2015-07-24
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 169-169
- ISSN
- 1471-244X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4513382
- OpenAlex
- W1573742274
- Cited by
- 25
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 0.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- BMC Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- KNAW Research Portal (The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Eli Lilly and Company
- European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Keywords
- phototherapy, major depressive disorder, type 2 diabetes, insulin sensitivity, circadian rhythm, biological clock, mood, sleep, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, chronobiology, antidepressant treatment, glucose metabolism
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Circadian Rhythm, Major Depressive Disorder, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Double-Blind Method, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Insulin Resistance, Middle Aged, Netherlands, Phototherapy, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Sleep Wake Disorders, Treatment Outcome, Mood Disorders, Young Adult
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