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Cited by 52Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormonesReproductive Health and ContraceptionReproductive Biology and Fertility

Pulsatile luteinizing hormone patterns in long term oral contraceptive users.

Hemrika, D J, Slaats, E H, Kennedy, J C, de Vries Robles-Korsen, T J, Schoemaker, J·1993·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
DOI 10.1210/jcem.77.2.8345046
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Abstract

Oral contraceptives (OC) inhibit folliculogenesis by a central suppressive action on the release of gonadotropins. To characterize the nature of these central effects, we studied 40 long term OC users on 3 different OCs: two monophasic preparations with 30 micrograms ethinyl estradiol and 150 micrograms l-norgestrel (group 1; n = 15), 150 micrograms desogestrel (group 2; n = 10), and a triphasic formulation containing 30-40 micrograms ethinyl estradiol and 50, 75, and 125 micrograms l-norgestrel (group 3; n = 15). Blood sampling at 10-min intervals during 6-h periods was performed at different moments in the pill cycle. Thirteen healthy volunteers with regular ovulatory cycles served as normal controls. FSH and LH were measured by a sensitive immunoradiometric assay. Pulsatile LH release was observed in all OC users. Mean serum LH and FSH levels, number of LH pulses per 6 h, and the amplitude of LH pulses on day 1 of the pill cycle did not differ from early follicular phase control values. FSH levels were rapidly suppressed from day 2 onward in all three groups, whereas LH levels progressively declined in groups 1 and 2 from day 8 onward. In group 3, however, LH levels were only significantly suppressed after day 13. The number of LH pulses per 6 h decreased in all groups starting on day 2, whereas the amplitude of LH pulses increased. A substantial percentage of LH pulses observed in OC users after day 1 were of low amplitude (< 0.75 IU/L). From these results, we conclude that 1) pulsatile release of LH is maintained during OC use; 2) FSH levels are suppressed equally early and equally effective by all OCs studied; 3) during OC use, the number of LH pulses per 6 h is reduced; 4) modulation of LH pulse amplitudes, and subsequently of serum LH levels, is mainly mediated by a dose- and time-dependent effect of the gestagenic component of the OC; and 5) after the 7-day pill-free interval, a normal early follicular phase pulse pattern is found, even in long term OC users, suggesting that in this period, most of the steroidogenic feedback effects wear off.

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Authors
Hemrika, D. J., Slaats, E. H., Kennedy, J. C., de Vries Robles-Korsen, T. J., & Schoemaker, J.
Affiliations
OLVG (NL)
Venue
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
Publisher
The Endocrine Society
Published
1993-08
Volume
77
Issue
2
Pages
420-426
ISSN
  • 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
  • 1945-7197
DOI
10.1210/jcem.77.2.8345046
OpenAlex
W2045006772
Cited by
52
References
37
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2
FWCI
3.64
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Reproductive Health and Contraception
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Reproductive Biology and Fertility
Keywords
luteinizing hormone, pulsatile LH secretion, LH pulse amplitude, FSH suppression, norgestrel, desogestrel, folliculogenesis, gonadotropin feedback, pill-free interval, follicular phase
MeSH terms
Adult, Analysis of Variance, Contraceptives, Oral, Combined, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Estradiol, Female, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Humans, Luteinizing Hormone, Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone, Pituitary Gland, Time Factors, Immunoradiometric Assay, Levonorgestrel, Desogestrel

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