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Cited by 489Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormonesReproductive Biology and FertilityOvarian function and disorders

Characterization of the physiological pattern of episodic gonadotropin secretion throughout the human menstrual cycle

FILICORI, MARCO, SANTORO, NANETTE, MERRIAM, GEORGE R., CROWLEY, WILLIAM F.·1986·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
DOI 10.1210/jcem-62-6-1136
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Abstract

To characterize the spectrum of pulsatile gonadotropin secretion during the course of the normal menstrual cycle, we studied normal women during 51 ovulatory cycles. Plasma gonadotropin concentrations were measured at 10-min intervals for 20-24 h during the early, mid-, and late follicular phases and the early, mid-, and late luteal phases. LH data series were analyzed using 2 different computer-assisted algorithms for pulse detection. The LH interpulse interval decreased during the follicular phase (FP) from 94 +/- 4 (+/- SEM) min in the early FP (EFP) to 71 +/- 4 min by the late FP (LFP; P less than 0.001). The estimation of LH pulse frequency in the EFP was significantly affected by slowing of episodic LH secretion during sleep. In the luteal phase (LP), the LH interpulse interval progressively increased from 103 +/- 8 min in the early LP (ELP) to 216 +/- 39 min by the late LP (LLP; P less than 0.001). Sleep-associated slowing of episodic LH secretion also occurred in the ELP. The mean LH pulse amplitude in the EFP (6.5 +/- 0.4 mIU/ml) decreased significantly by the midfollicular phase (MFP; 5.1 +/- 0.8 mIU/ml; P less than 0.05) and increased once again by the LFP (7.2 +/- 1.2 mIU/ml). LH pulse amplitude was highest in the ELP (14.9 +/- 1.7 mIU/ml), decreased by the midluteal phase (MLP) to 12.2 +/- 2.0 mIU/ml, and declined further by the LLP to 7.6 +/- 1.1 mIU/ml (P less than 0.001 vs. ELP). FSH secretion was significantly (P less than 0.05) correlated with LH secretion at time lags of 0-10 min in 82% of the studies. These results indicate the following. 1) In the EFP and ELP, the frequency of gonadotropin pulsations is reduced at night in association with sleep. 2) The frequency of LH secretion increases from the EFP to MFP and LFP. 3) LH pulse amplitude decreases in the MFP, suggesting enhanced negative feedback of estrogen on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis and/or a decrease in GnRH secretion at this stage. 4) A progressive reduction of LH pulse frequency and amplitude occurs during the LP which is correlated with the duration of exposure of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis to progesterone. 5) A close relationship exists between secretion of LH and FSH, suggesting a common stimulatory factor for both gonadotropins.

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Crossref · 10.1210/jcem-62-6-1136

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  • The hormone milieu of the research cohort at visit 1 differed between 2 participant cohorts-one comparable to early and mid-follicular phases of the menstrual cycle and another comparable to luteal phase.

    “Therefore, the hormone milieu of the research cohort at the time of the first frequent blood sampling session (visit 1) differed between 2 participant cohorts—1 that was comparable to what is observed in the early and mid-follicular phases of the menstrual cycle and another that was comparable to levels observed during the luteal phase (31).”

    From Kisspeptin Overcomes GnRH Neuronal Suppression Secondary to Hyperprolactinemia in Humans (2022) · cites this paper as [31]

  • The low estradiol and progesterone values observed and the agreement with previous investigators confirm that subjects were sampled in the early follicular phase in both study cycles.

    “Although the protocol used here relied solely on menstrual dating of the cycles for planning blood-sampling sessions, the low E and P values observed and the agreement with previous investigators confirm that subjects were sampled in the early follicular phase in both study cycles.”

    From Suppression of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis in Normal Women by Glucocorticoids1 (1993) · cites this paper as [27]

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Authors
FILICORI, M., SANTORO, N., MERRIAM, G. R., & CROWLEY, W. F.
Affiliations
National Institutes of Health (US)
ORCID
Venue
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
Publisher
The Endocrine Society
Published
1986-06
Volume
62
Issue
6
Pages
1136-1144
ISSN
  • 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
  • 1945-7197
DOI
10.1210/jcem-62-6-1136
OpenAlex
W2068905948
Cited by
489
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 9
FWCI
20.29
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Massachusetts General Hospital
  • Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum
  • National Center for Research Resources (RR-1066)
  • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD15080, P30HD028138)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Reproductive Biology and Fertility
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
Keywords
gonadotropin secretion, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, pulsatile hormone secretion, menstrual cycle, follicular phase, luteal phase, LH pulse frequency, LH pulse amplitude, sleep, negative feedback, ovulation
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Female, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Gonadotropins, Pituitary, Humans, Luteinizing Hormone, Menstrual Cycle, Periodicity

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