The DOI matches its Crossref record; 16 of the 16 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Circadian Interleukin-6 Secretion and Quantity and Depth of Sleep
Abstract
Patients with pathologically increased daytime sleepiness and fatigue have elevated levels of circulating interleukin-6 (IL-6). The latter is an inflammatory cytokine, which causes sickness manifestations, including somnolence and fatigue, and activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. In this study, we examined: 1) the relation between serial measurements of plasma IL-6 and quantity and depth of sleep, evaluated by polysomnography; and 2) the effects of sleep deprivation on the nyctohemeral pattern of IL-6 secretion. Eight healthy young male volunteers were sampled for 24 h twice, at the baseline state, after a normal night's sleep and after total overnight sleep deprivation. At the baseline state, IL-6 was secreted in a biphasic circadian pattern with two nadirs at 0800 and 2100 and two zeniths at 1900 and 0500 (P < 0.01). The baseline amount of sleep correlated negatively with the overall daytime secretion of the cytokine (P < 0.05). Also, depth of sleep at baseline correlated negatively with the postdeprivation increase of daytime secretion of IL-6 (P < 0.05). Sleep deprivation changed the temporal pattern of circadian IL-6 secretion but not the overall amount. Indeed, during the post-deprivation period, the mean daytime (0800-2200 h) levels of IL-6 were significantly higher (P < 0.05), whereas the nighttime (2200-0600 h) levels were lower than the predeprivation values. Thus, sleep-deprived subjects had daytime oversecretion and nighttime under-secretion of IL-6; the former might be responsible for their daylong somnolence and fatigue, the latter for the better quality (depth) of their sleep. These data suggest that a good night's sleep is associated with decreased daytime secretion of IL-6 and a good sense of well-being and that good sleep is associated with decreased exposure of tissues to the proinflammatory and potentially detrimental actions of IL-6. Sleep deprivation increases daytime IL-6 and causes somnolence and fatigue during the next day, whereas postdeprivation decreases nighttime IL-6 and is associated with deeper sleep.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Sleep disturbances are associated with alterations in IL-6 (37), and sleep differences between caregivers and controls have frequently been reported (8).”
From Chronic stress and age-related increases in the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6. (2003) · cites this paper as [37]
In the citing paper
“Other researchers have demonstrated that higher plasma IL-6 levels are associated with adverse health habits: values are higher in smokers than nonsmokers, in individuals who report less physical activity, in those whose sleep is impaired, and in those with a higher BMI, all behaviors that are adversely affected by stress (14, 34, 37, 50-52).”
From Chronic stress and age-related increases in the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6. (2003) · cites this paper as [37]
In the citing paper
“and IL-6 (Vgontzas et al, 1999).”
From Inflammation in Fear- and Anxiety-Based Disorders: PTSD, GAD, and Beyond (2017) · cites this paper as Vgontzas et al, 1999
In the citing paper
“total night sleep deprivation diminishes the increase in IL-6 by about half (Vgontzas and Papanicolaou et al, 1999).”
From Sleep health: Reciprocal regulation of sleep and innate immunity (2017) · cites this paper as Vgontzas and Papanicolaou et al, 1999
In the citing paper
“For circulating concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6, eg, there are two peaks, at 1900 hours and again at 0500 hours, and these peaks appear to be driven by circadian processes (Vgontzas et al, 1999).”
From Sleep health: Reciprocal regulation of sleep and innate immunity (2017) · cites this paper as Vgontzas et al, 1999
In the citing paper
“There is good evidence that insomnia increases the risk for certain disorders including depression (439), hypertension (31), and type 2 diabetes (561)”
From The Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease (2019) · cites this paper as [561]
In the citing paper
“the magnitude of such dysregulations may depend on the presence of objective sleep impairments, which have been suggested as a marker indicating the biological severity and the medical impact of the disorder”
From The Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease (2019) · cites this paper as [561]
In the citing paper
“After a night of TSD, mean daytime IL-6 values were significantly higher (p<0.05) than baseline and a nighttime undersecretion (p<0.05) was reported [106].”
From Association between sleep deficiency and cardiometabolic disease: implications for health disparities (2016) · cites this paper as [106]
Citations
Cites
Rechtschaffen, A. (1968) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 11,772
Daynes, R. A., Araneo, B. A., Ershler, W. B., Maloney, C., Li, G. Z., & Ryu, S. Y. (1993) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.150.12.5219 · Cited by 1,264
The Pathophysiologic Roles of Interleukin-6 in Human Disease
Papanicolaou, D. A., Wilder, R. L., Manolagas, S. C., & Chrousos, G. P. (1998) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-128-2-199801150-00009 · Cited by 1,146
Self-citationVgontzas, A. N., Papanicolaou, D. A., Bixler, E. O., Kales, A., Tyson, K., & Chrousos, G. P. (1997) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.82.5.3950 · Cited by 974
Self-citationEffects of sleep and circadian rhythm on human circulating immune cells
Born, J., Lange, T., Hansen, K., Mölle, M., & Fehm, H. L. (1997) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.158.9.4454 · Cited by 611
Ultrashort sleep-waking schedule. III. ‘Gates’ and ‘Forbidden zones’ for sleep
Lavie, P. (1986) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(86)90123-9 · Cited by 480
Späth‐Schwalbe, E. (1998) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.83.5.1573 · Cited by 377
A Healthy Body in a Healthy Mind--and Vice Versa--The Damaging Power of "Uncontrollable" Stress
Chrousos, G. P., & Gold, P. W. (1998) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.83.6.4908 · Cited by 304
Self-citationMojón, A., Fernández, J. R., & Hermida, R. C. (1992) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420529209064552 · Cited by 268
Self-citationConcepts and models of sleep regulation: an overview
Borbély, A. A., & Achermann, P. (1992) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1992.tb00013.x · Cited by 250
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–500 of 516
The role of sleep in multiple sclerosis
Cordone, S., Alfonsi, V., & Gennaro, L. D. (2025) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2025.103902 · Cited by 5
Neurobiological Disturbances in Insomnia: Clinical Utility of Objective Measures of Sleep
Pejovic, S., & Vgontzas, A. N. (2016) · doi:10.3109/9781420080803-9 · Cited by 4
Self-citationTrovato, E., Marruganti, C., VALENTI, A., Cioppa, V., Grandini, S., & Rubegni, P. (2023) · Italian Journal of Dermatology and Venereology · doi:10.23736/s2784-8671.23.07564-3 · Cited by 4
Carroll, C. M., & Benca, R. M. (2024) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom14030274 · Cited by 4
Sleep and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Costa, D. D. (2008) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-60327-343-5_45 · Cited by 4
Role of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Sleep Disorders
Prolo, P., Iribarren, F. J., Negaos, N., & Chiappelli, F. (2006) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-387-23692-9_29 · Cited by 4
Self-citationZhang, Y., Ma, P., Yang, H., Wang, S., Li, C., Pan, J., & Liao, J. (2026) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-026-07914-4 · Cited by 3
Skin Aging: A Generalization of the Microinflammatory Hypothesis
Giacomoni, P. U., & Rein, G. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-47398-6_76 · Cited by 3
Das, A., Raj, P. S. M., & Vishwakarma, L. C. (2024) · Progress in inflammation research · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-74744-1_3 · Cited by 3
Castillo, A. L., Villaflores, O. B., Kuroki, Y., Wada, A. M., Zhu, X., Cabatit, K. A., Garcia, J. J., Martin, J., & Vasquez, R. D. (2025) · Phytomedicine Plus · doi:10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100770 · Cited by 3
Lemelin, A., Savard, J., Chen, M., Shepherd, L. E., Burnell, M. J., Levine, M., Chen, B. E., & Lemieux, J. (2025) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers17111838 · Cited by 3
Bollu, P. C., Goyal, M. K., & Sahota, P. K. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-18054-0_6 · Cited by 3
White Blood Cell Count and Sleep Difficulty Examined by the AthensInsomnia Scale in Shift Workers
Nishitani, N., & Sakakibara, H. (2010) · The Open Sleep Journal · Cited by 3
Skin Aging: A Generalization of the Micro-inflammatory Hypothesis
Giacomoni, P. U., & Rein, G. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-27814-3_76-2 · Cited by 3
Cytokines, Immunity and Disordered Sleep
Irwin, M. R. (2003) · Neurobiological foundation of aberrant behaviors · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-0323-1_18 · Cited by 2
Watanabe, T., Kurosaka, S., Namatame, Y., & Kawahara, T. (2025) · Life · doi:10.3390/life16010026 · Cited by 5
He, G., Deng, M., Tong, Y., Wan, Z., Xu, W., Feng, T., Zeng, W., Xiao, L., Yang, D., Song, K., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2026.1716598 · Cited by 2
Experimental methods to study sleep disruption and immune balance in urban children with asthma
Koinis‐Mitchell, D., Marshall, G. D., Kopel, S. J., Belanger, N. M. S., Ayala-Figueroa, J., Echevarria, S., Millman, R. P., Zheng, T., Weathers, J., Gredvig-Ardito, C., et al. (2022) · SLEEP Advances · doi:10.1093/sleepadvances/zpac003 · Cited by 2
Skin Aging: A Generalization of the Micro-inflammatory Hypothesis
Giacomoni, P. U., & Rein, G. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-89656-2_76 · Cited by 2
Bartolucci, M. L., Parenti, S. I., Pizza, F., Maglioni, A., Vandi, S., Bortolotti, F., Plazzi, G., & Bonetti, G. A. (2023) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app13126917 · Cited by 2
Sun, J.-N., Li, Y.-Z., Wang, L., Song, X., Liu, J.-X., Liu, J.-C., Wang, J.-Y., Li, Y., Chen, Y.-H., Liu, J.-M., et al. (2025) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1155/da/4907389 · Cited by 2
Human sleep and immunity: The role of circadian patterns
Ferreira, R. C. M., Ruiz, F. S., & de Mello, M. T. (2025) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-90918-1.00003-4 · Cited by 3
Neuroimmunological Correlates of Circadian Rhythmicity in Oral Biology and Medicine
Chiappelli, F., Cajulis, O. S., Navarro, A. M., & Moradi, D. R. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-69146-6_2 · Cited by 2
Circadian Clocks and Metabolism
Oster, H. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1262-6_5 · Cited by 2
Reciprocal Relationship Between Sleep and the Immune Response: A Survey
Velázquez‐Moctezuma, J., Esqueda-León, E., & Ibarra‐Coronado, E. (2010) · The Open Neuroendocrinology Journal · Cited by 2
The Relationship Between Sleep Disorders During Pregnancy and
Alihosseini, E., Najar, S., & Haghighizadeh, M. H. (2017) · Jundishapur Journal of Chronic Disease Care · doi:10.5812/jjcdc.41340 · Cited by 2
Sleep Disorders in Patients After COVID-19
Akhmetyanov, M. A., Рейхерт, Л. И., Kicherova, O. A., Deeva, M. V., & Makarova, D. V. (2021) · S S Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry · doi:10.17116/jnevro2021121121119 · Cited by 2
Борисович, К. В., Prazdnikov, E. N., & Дайхес, Н. А. (2024) · Laser Medicine · doi:10.37895/2071-8004-2023-27-4-26-34 · Cited by 2
Onwuegbuzie, G., & Reng, R. S. (2021) · New Nigerian Journal of Clinical Research · doi:10.4103/nnjcr.nnjcr_24_20 · Cited by 2
Leveraging Smart Bed Technology to Detect COVID-19 Symptoms: Case Study
Garcia‐Molina, G., Guzenko, D., DeFranco, S., Aloia, M. S., Mills, R., Mushtaq, F., & Somers, V. K. (2025) · JMIR AI · doi:10.2196/64018 · Cited by 1
Cotta, G., Luu, S., Yee, B. J., Lau, E., & Garcı́a-Borreguero, D. (2025) · Sleep And Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-025-03493-y · Cited by 1
Varpaei, H. A., Deka, P., Robbins, L. B., Farhadi, K., Reeves, M. J., Mowbray, F., & Quan, S. F. (2025) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.70241 · Cited by 1
Sleep deprivation silently undermines immunity
Zhou, Q., Feng, C., Li, S., Zhangyan, M., & Sun, Y. (2025) · International Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1097/js9.0000000000004071 · Cited by 2
Time to wake up to the potential benefits of targeting sleep in osteoarthritis management
Hall, M., Ferreira, P. H., Eyles, J. P., HAWKER, G. A., Smith, S. S., Egorova, N., McCurry, S. M., Thorlund, J. B., & Klyne, D. M. (2026) · Osteoarthritis and Cartilage · doi:10.1016/j.joca.2026.03.122 · Cited by 1
Nonclassic, Extraskeletal Manifestations of Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Perrier, N. D., Weaver, S., Gantela, S., & Rao, D. S. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-2164-1_8 · Cited by 1
Teixeira, A. A. D. S., Passos, G. S., Ruiz, F. S., Alves, E. D. S., Poyares, D. R., Santana, M. G., Tufik, S., & de Mello, M. T. (2014) · Journal of Hormones · doi:10.1155/2014/246342 · Cited by 1
Ducasse, D., Girod, C., & Courtet, P. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-26282-6_10 · Cited by 1
Gangwar, A. K., Rawat, A., Tiwari, S., Kumar, S., & Upadhyay, P. K. (2020) · Sleep and Vigilance · doi:10.1007/s41782-020-00115-3 · Cited by 1
Yan, X., & Li, H. (2024) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2024.1434189 · Cited by 1
Neuro-inflammatory Response and Immune–Brain Crosstalk in Sleep Regulation
Jha, P. K., & Bouâouda, H. (2024) · Progress in inflammation research · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-74744-1_5 · Cited by 1
Sleep and immune health: How dogs, goats and ‘factor S’ shaped a field
Opp, M. R., & Imeri, L. (2025) · Neurobiology of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms · doi:10.1016/j.nbscr.2025.100118 · Cited by 1
Salih, S. K., Namiq, H. S., & Othman, H. H. (2025) · Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.54133/ajms.v9i1.2065 · Cited by 1
DEFLANDRE, E. P., Kempeneers, D., Brichant, J.-F., & Joris, J. L. (2015) · Anesthésie & Réanimation · doi:10.1016/j.anrea.2015.01.009 · Cited by 1
Sleep Disturbance in Rheumatic Disease
Luyster, F. S. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-22858-7_9 · Cited by 1
Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Diabetic Microvascular Complications
Altaf, Q., & Tahrani, A. A. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-420168-2.00023-5 · Cited by 1
Apostolopoulos, N. C. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-96800-1_2 · Cited by 1
Overreaching and Unexplained Underperformance Syndrome: Nutritional Interventions
Robson-Ansley, P. J., & Costa, R. J. S. (2013) · doi:10.1002/9781118692318.ch33 · Cited by 1
Sleep, exercise, and insulin sensitivity
Porter, J. W. (2020) · MOspace Institutional Repository (University of Missouri) · doi:10.32469/10355/78088 · Cited by 1
Husse, J. (2011) · eDiss (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen) · doi:10.53846/goediss-3552 · Cited by 1
DO SLEEP DIMENSIONS PREDICT PRIMARY AND SECONDARY ANTIBODY RESPONSES TO VACCINATION
Prather, A. A. (2010) · D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh)
Toxic and metabolic causes of sleepiness
Cirignotta, F., & Pizza, F. (2011) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511762697.035
Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Cytokines in Healthy and Depressed Subjects
Voderholzer, U., Hohagen, F., Herr, A., Suck, A. T., Klein, T., Harter, C., Fiebich, B. L., & Riemann, D. W. (2001) · KARGER eBooks · doi:10.1159/000058899
Reinhardt, É. L. (2013) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.6.2013.tde-12042013-113122
Acute systemic inflammation in health and disease
Nijsten, M. W. N. (2001) · University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology)
Consequences of contamination of the spacecraft environment: immunologic consequences.
Shearer, W. T. (2001) · PubMed
OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNOEA AND PERIODONTITIS
Gunaratnam, K. (2008) · The Sydney eScholarship Repository (The University of Sydney)
Biosensors for Sleep Technology
Lee, J.-K., & Lin, C. (2012) · International series on intelligent systems, control and automation: science and engineering · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5470-6_11
Sleep deprivation-induced multi-organ injury: role of oxidative stress and inflammation
Periasamy, S., Hsu, D.-Z., Fu, Y.-H., & Liu, M. (2015) · EXCLI journal · doi:10.17179/excli2015-245 · Cited by 89
Christian, M. (2014) · VTechWorks (Virginia Tech)
IMUNIDADE CELULAR EM IDOSOS SAUDÁVEIS
Luz, C. (2006)
Interleukin-6, Obstructive Sleep Apnea, and Obesity
Carpagnano, G. E., & Barnes, P. J. (2003) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1016/s0012-3692(16)48720-9
The impact of surgical treatment of OSA on cardiac risk factors
Bliznikas, D., & Lin, H.-S. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-3112-3.00013-9
Consequences of Sleep Disruption
Muncey, A. R., & Malhotra, A. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4557-3383-5.00087-7
The effects of sleep restriction on neurobiological parameters
Pejović-Nikolić, S. (2014) · Engrami · doi:10.5937/engrami1402009p
Christian, M., & Nussbaum, M. A. (2015) · MYOPAIN · doi:10.1080/24708593.2016.1246503
Girard, D. (2016) · Charles Sturt University Research Output (CRO)
Al-Khatib, K. (2017) · DalSpace (Dalhousie University)
Alcohol Intake, Sleep Deprivation, and Neuromuscular Fatigue
Rodrigues, R. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816658-1.00029-6
Obstructive sleep apnea in adults : evolution, and related inflammation in early stages of disease
Sahlman, J. (2011) · UEF eRepo (University of Eastern Finland)
Khodair, A. A., Omar, M. M., Faheem, M. K., Kasey, S. M., & Nagah, A. (2020) · Benha Journal of Applied Sciences · doi:10.21608/bjas.2020.135446
Sleep Disturbance in Gynaecologic Malignancies-an Overview
Deepak, P. (2020) · Gynecology and Obstetrics Open Access Open Journal · doi:10.33169/gyne.obste.gaooaoj-i-107
de León, C. T. G., & Morales‐Montor, J. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-65574-7_7
Harrington, M. (2021) · UVic’s Research and Learning Repository (University of Victoria)
The Immune System and Anxiety Disorders
Michopoulos, V., & Jovanović, T. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108539623.013
O’Brien, K., & Blair, P. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-78559-8_8
Schiefer, J. (2006) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/3-540-28604-7_7
State-of-the Art Lecture: Irritable bowel syndrome: the new inflammatory bowel disease?
Spiller, R. E. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-5702-1_31
O’Brien, K., & Sali, A. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-56632-0_4
Kotsiou, O. S., Siachpazidou, D. I., Pastaka, C., Gogou, E., Kechagia, M., Varsamas, C., Hatzoglou, C., & Gourgoulianis, K. I. (2020) · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-28757/v1
The Impact of Surgical Treatment of OSA on Cardiac Risk Factors
Bliznikas, D., & Lin, H. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-44339-5.00012-2
Effect of Sleep Duration on Obesity Treatment and Adipocytokine Levels: A Review
Dai, M. (2022) · Academic Journal of Science and Technology · doi:10.54097/ajst.v2i3.1535
Sleep Disorders: Identifying Biomarkers and Clinical Applications
Frange, C., & Coelho, F. M. S. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-43356-6_17
The role of circadian rhythm preference in the onset of depression in adolescentsPreprint
Liu, D., Teng, H.-M., & Li, H. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4541635/v1
Fochi, R. A., Ruiz, T. F. R., de Jesus, M. M., de Azevedo, L. R., Falleiros‐Júnior, L. R., Campos, S. G. P., Góes, R. M., Oliani, S. M., Vilamaior, P. S. L., & Taboga, S. R. (2024) · Journal of Biosciences · doi:10.1007/s12038-024-00450-x
Mendoza‐Marí, Y., Wilson, V. E. D., Wilson, D. R., & Agrawal, D. K. (2024) · Advances in biochemistry in health and disease · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-62806-1_23
Sleep and Circadian Disruption in Depression and Anxiety Disorders: An Inflammatory Insight
Mirdha, M., & Vishwakarma, L. C. (2024) · Progress in inflammation research · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-74744-1_6
Inflammatory Biomarker Levels and Vaccine Response
Alkire, C. (2022) · University of North Texas Digital Library (University of North Texas) · doi:10.12794/metadc1944287
Barrientos-Moral, L., Gimeno, M. J., Obispo, C., Martín-Vacas, A., Paz-Cortés, M. M., & Aragoneses, J. M. (2025) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2025.1568047
Interactions Between Sleep and Exercise Performance
Vlahoyiannis, A., Bogdanis, G. C., Nakamura, F. Y., Gantois, P., & Giannaki, C. D. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-44270-4_14
Shou, Y.-L. (2025) · New discovery. · doi:10.61958/joxg2246
Sleep and Fatigue during Chronic Viral Infection.
Olivadoti, M. D. (2007) · Deep Blue (University of Michigan)
Nassr, O. A., Mohammed, M. M., & Showman, H. A. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.21332686
Kadier, K., Dilixiati, D., Ainiwaer, A., Liu, X., Lu, J., Liu, P., Ainiwan, M., Yesitayi, G., Ma, X., & Ma, Y. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26630845
You, Y., Ablitip, A., Chen, Y., Ding, H., Chen, K., Cui, Y., & Ma, X. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26750399
Ali, K. A., He, L., Li, W., Zhang, W., & Huang, H. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26702068
Ali, K. A., He, L., Li, W., Zhang, W., & Huang, H. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.25547106
Ali, K. A., He, L., Li, W., Zhang, W., & Huang, H. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.25546975
Goble, T., Kundu, T., Meyer, L. S., Klinaki, D., Hawkins, T. A., & Rihel, J. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2025.12.25.696495
Hügle, T., Prillwitz, H., Scholz, G., Kyburz, D., Dudler, J., Schmiedeberg, K., Zanisi, L., Kuster, M. H., Roulin, P. S., & Rubbert-Roth, A. (2026) · Arthritis Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13075-026-03766-1
Saguin, E. (2023) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/820b81b5zdd45z43a6zb36az8344c91402bd
Metadata
- Authors
- Vgontzas, A. N., Papanicolaou, D. A., Bixler, E. O., Lotsikas, A., Zachman, K., Kales, A., Prolo, P., Wong, M.-L., Licinio, J., Gold, P. W., Hermida, R. C., Mastorakos, G., & Chrousos, G. P.
- Affiliations
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- National Institute of Mental Health (US)
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (GR)
- Corresponding author
- Vgontzas, Alexandros N.
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 1999-08
- Volume
- 84
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 2603-2607
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- OpenAlex
- W2155954337
- Cited by
- 516
- References
- 16
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 5.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Pennsylvania
- Pennsylvania State University
- University of Pennsylvania Health System
- Penn State College of Medicine
- NIH Clinical Center
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Keywords
- interleukin-6, circadian rhythm, sleep deprivation, sleep depth, sleep quantity, daytime sleepiness, fatigue, inflammatory cytokines, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, sleepiness
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Circadian Rhythm, Humans, Male, Sleep, Sleep Deprivation, Interleukin-6
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
