The DOI matches its Crossref record; 52 of the 52 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 3 of the 17 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans
Abstract
Insulin resistance plays an important role in the pathophysiology of diabetes and is associated with obesity and other cardiovascular risk factors. The "gold standard" glucose clamp and minimal model analysis are two established methods for determining insulin sensitivity in vivo, but neither is easily implemented in large studies. Thus, it is of interest to develop a simple, accurate method for assessing insulin sensitivity that is useful for clinical investigations. We performed both hyperinsulinemic isoglycemic glucose clamp and insulin-modified frequently sampled iv glucose tolerance tests on 28 nonobese, 13 obese, and 15 type 2 diabetic subjects. We obtained correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity from glucose clamp studies (SI(Clamp)) and minimal model analysis (SI(MM)) that were comparable to previous reports (r = 0.57). We performed a sensitivity analysis on our data and discovered that physiological steady state values [i.e. fasting insulin (I(0)) and glucose (G(0))] contain critical information about insulin sensitivity. We defined a quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI = 1/[log(I(0)) + log(G(0))]) that has substantially better correlation with SI(Clamp) (r = 0.78) than the correlation we observed between SI(MM) and SI(Clamp). Moreover, we observed a comparable overall correlation between QUICKI and SI(Clamp) in a totally independent group of 21 obese and 14 nonobese subjects from another institution. We conclude that QUICKI is an index of insulin sensitivity obtained from a fasting blood sample that may be useful for clinical research.
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Claims the paper makes
45 Own result · 21 Own interpretation · 8 No basis given · 3 Sources not found · 3 No full text of the sources · 2 Supported so far · 2 Not checked yet · 2 Own method · 1 Partly supported · accuracy not yet measured
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“A well accepted alternative for estimating insulin sensitivity involves minimal model analysis of a frequently sampled iv glucose tolerance test (FSIVGTT) (9 -11).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > I NSULIN IS
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [9] Bergman, 1987, Equivalence of the insulin sensitivity index in man derived by the minimal model method and the euglycemic glucose clamp., J Clin Invest source
The Introduction describes minimal-model analysis of a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test as an alternative to the glucose clamp. The Discussion reports that it yielded an equivalent measure of insulin sensitivity in the study, while noting that wider validation would be needed before recommending general use. (LLM, conf=0.90)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] 1989, Lilly lecture 1989. Toward physiological understanding of glucose tolerance. Minimal-model approach., Diabetes source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [11] Saad, 1997, Differences between the tolbutamide-boosted and the insulin-modified minimal model protocols., Diabetes source
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Moreover, we observed a comparable overall correlation between QUICKI and SI Clamp in a totally independent group of 21 obese and 14 nonobese subjects from another institution.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 14- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, as expected, the obese and diabetic subjects were significantly more insulin resistant than the nonobese subjects (P Ͻ 2 ϫ 10 Ϫ5 ).”
- Also stated in: § Glucose clamp and minimal model estimates of insulin sensitivity · plain
“As expected, when subjects were evaluated with the gold standard glucose clamp method, obese subjects were more insulin resistant, on the average, than nonobese subjects, and diabetics were the most insulin-resistant group.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Glucose clamp studies
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Glucose clamp and minimal model estimates of insulin sensitivity · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We performed a sensitivity analysis on our data and discovered that physiological steady state values [i.e.fasting insulin (I 0 ) and glucose (G 0 )] contain critical information about insulin sensitivity.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, the linear regression analysis of the subgroups corresponded more closely to the overall regression line when comparing QUICKI and SI Clamp .”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, QUICKI derived from the average results of two fasting blood samples (over 10 min) was similar to QUICKI calculated from a single sample.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Interestingly, we found that the product of fasting insulin and glucose yielded an index of insulin sensitivity that was applicable to both dia-betic and nondiabetic subjects.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
plaincorrelationaln = 3- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The basal glucose levels in the diabetic group were significantly elevated compared with those in the other groups (166 Ϯ 15 mg/dL; P Ͻ 4 ϫ 10 Ϫ5 ).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Insulin-modified FSIVGTT studies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Note that in contrast to the minimal model-derived SI MM , we were able to calculate meaningful values of QUICKI for all diabetic subjects studied.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“QUICKI was calculated for all study subjects (mean, 0.382 Ϯ 0.007, 0.331 Ϯ 0.010, and 0.304 Ϯ 0.007 for nonobese, obese, and diabetic subjects, respectively).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 6
- It may state two separate claims as one. 15
- The quote only partly states this claim. 2
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“Alternatively, periodic oscillations in insulin secretion (both ultradian and 10-to 15-min periods) have been reported in healthy subjects and may also contribute to the weaker correlation in this subgroup (21,22).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [21] Polonsky, 1998, Temporal profiles and clinical significance of pulsatile insulin secretion., Horm Res source
- Supportedcites [22] Polonsky, 1988, Twenty-four-hour profiles and pulsatile patterns of insulin secretion in normal and obese subjects., J Clin Invest source
The Discussion ('O Normal') describes rapid insulin pulsations in the 10–14-minute range and slower ultradian oscillations of 1–3 hours. It presents the slower oscillations in normal subjects as a finding of this study and reports the rapid pulsations from earlier studies, supporting the claim that both have been reported in healthy subjects. (LLM, conf=0.93)
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Alternatively, periodic oscillations in insulin secretion (both ultradian and 10-to 15-min periods) have been reported in healthy subjects and may also contribute to the weaker correlation in this subgroup (21,22).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [21] Polonsky, 1998, Temporal profiles and clinical significance of pulsatile insulin secretion., Horm Res source
- Partly supportedcites [22] Polonsky, 1988, Twenty-four-hour profiles and pulsatile patterns of insulin secretion in normal and obese subjects., J Clin Invest sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The discussion (section “O Normal”; page not provided) reports ultradian insulin-secretion oscillations in normal subjects and describes rapid 10–14-minute pulsations. It does not examine QUICKI, clamp-derived insulin sensitivity, or whether oscillations weaken the correlation between them in a nonobese subgroup. (LLM, conf=0.86)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We obtained correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity from glucose clamp studies (SI Clamp ) and minimal model analysis (SI MM ) that were com-parable to previous reports (r ϭ 0.57).”
- Also stated in: § Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity · plain
“The overall correlation coefficient (r) calculated from a linear least squares regression was 0.57 (P Ͻ 2 ϫ 10 Ϫ5 ).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 2- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, linear regression analysis for the subgroups revealed that the regression line for the diabetic and obese subgroups had a very different slope than that for the nonobese group.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When correlations between QUICKI and SI Clamp were calculated for each group separately, we found that r ϭ 0.49 for nonobese subjects (P Ͻ 0.01), r ϭ 0.89 for obese subjects (P Ͻ 2 ϫ 10 Ϫ5 ), and r ϭ 0.7 for diabetic subjects (P Ͻ 4 ϫ 10 Ϫ3 ).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Reassuringly, in these independent studies, we found that the overall correlation between QUICKI and SI Clamp was similar to that in our original analysis (r ϭ 0.77; P Ͻ 2 ϫ 10 Ϫ11 ).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Both obese and diabetic subjects had significantly greater BMIs and fasting insulin levels than the nonobese subjects (P Ͻ 6 ϫ 10 Ϫ6 ), consistent with the presence of obesity and insulin resistance.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Study subjects
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This analysis yielded r ϭ 0.74 for obese subjects (n ϭ 21) and r ϭ 0.91 for nonobese subjects (n ϭ 14), with an overall correlation coefficient of r ϭ 0.90 (n ϭ 35).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity
plaincorrelationaln = 35- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the correlation coefficient for the nonobese subgroup was 0.49, and the greatest variability in the correlation between QUICKI and SI Clamp was observed among the most insulin-sensitive subjects.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As expected, the fasting glucose levels for both nonobese and obese groups were normal, whereas the diabetic group had elevated levels.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Study subjects
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Similar to our results from glucose clamp studies (and in contrast to minimal model results), insulin sensitivity as assessed by QUICKI was highest in the nonobese group, intermediate in the obese group, and lowest in the diabetic group.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Insulin resistance plays an important role in the pathophysiology of diabetes and is associated with obesity and other cardiovascular risk factors.”
- Also stated in: § I NSULIN IS · plain
“plays an important pathophysiological role in diabetes (1,2).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [1] 1988, Lilly lecture 1987. The triumvirate: β-cell, muscle, liver. A collusion responsible for NIDDM., Diabetes
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [2] DeFronzo, 1992, Pathogenesis of NIDDM. A balanced overview., Diabetes Care source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Also stated in: § I NSULIN IS · plain
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Steady state conditions were generally achieved about 2 h after the initiation of each study and were maintained for at least 60 min.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Glucose clamp studies
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The overall correlation we obtained between SI Clamp and SI MM was comparable to previous reports whose study subjects included diabetics, suggesting that our studies were technically adequate.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Glucose clamp and minimal model estimates of insulin sensitivity
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Furthermore, QUICKI provides a reproducible and robust estimate of insulin sensitivity, because equally strong correlations with SI Clamp were obtained when fasting data from either the glucose clamp or FSIVGTT studies were used to calculate QUICKI.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, this effect is unlikely to be occurring in our studies, because fasting samples were obtained at the same time in the morning for each subject, and calculating QUICKI from the average of several blood samples (instead of a single sample) did not significantly affect our correlations.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, in analyzing an independent dataset, we observed very similar correlations between QUICKI and SI Clamp , strongly suggesting that QUICKI is a robust index of insulin sensitivity.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Relative merits of QUICKI
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The inability of the minimal model to identify meaningful values for SI MM in a large fraction of our diabetic subjects is consistent with the experience of others and is most likely related to well described difficulties in estimating SI MM under conditions of inadequate insulin secretion (12).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Glucose clamp and minimal model estimates of insulin sensitivity
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [12] Saad, 1994, A comparison between the minimal model and the glucose clamp in the assessment of insulin sensitivity across the spectrum of glucose tolerance. Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study., Diabetes source
hedgedconditionaln = 7- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Studies in the same subject were performed at least 1 week apart, and the order of the studies was randomized.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Subjects and Methods
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We conclude that QUICKI is an index of insulin sensitivity obtained from a fasting blood sample that may be useful for clinical research.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Abstract
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“QUICKI is a novel, simple, accurate, and reproducible method for determining insulin sensitivity in humans that may be a useful tool in large epidemiological investigations that study the role of insulin resistance in the pathophysiology of important public health problems such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Relative merits of QUICKI
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Potential limitations to QUICKI include difficulty in applying it to subjects with type 1 diabetes who lack endogenous insulin secretion.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Relative merits of QUICKI
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
The glucose clamp is the gold standard method for directly measuring insulin sensitivity in vivo.
“Although the glucose clamp is considered to be the gold standard method for directly measuring insulin sensitivity in vivo, it can be implemented in a number of different ways.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The distribution of fasting insulin values is skewed.
“One rational for these transformations is the fact that the distribution of fasting insulin values is skewed.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“A recent placebo-controlled trial of ursodiol in NASH found that a proportion of patients receiving placebo had decreases in steatosis, but that improvements in inflammation and cell injury were uncommon.30”
From A pilot study of pioglitazone treatment for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (2004) · cites this paper as [30]
In the citing paper
“ndirect estimates of insulin resistance, such as HOMA-IR 63 and QUICKI, 64 are derived from fasting S-insulin and glucose concentrations and have been widely used in both nondiabetic and type 2 diabetic subjects as surrogates of insulin sensitivity.65,66”
From Increased liver fat, impaired insulin clearance, and hepatic and adipose tissue insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. (2008) · cites this paper as [64]
Citations
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Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus
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Glucose clamp technique: a method for quantifying insulin secretion and resistance.
DeFronzo, R. A., Tobin, J. D., & Andres, R. (1979) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1979.237.3.e214 · Cited by 7,425
Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus
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The Triumvirate: β-Cell, Muscle, Liver: A Collusion Responsible for NIDDM
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Pathogenesis of NIDDM. A balanced overview.
DeFronzo, R. A., Bonadonna, R. C., & Ferrannini, E. (1992) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.15.3.318 · Cited by 2,085
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Toward Physiological Understanding of Glucose Tolerance: Minimal-Model Approach
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Items 3,701–3,800 of 3,800
Deehan, E. C., Zhang, Z., Riva, A., Armet, A. M., Perez-Muñoz, M. E., Nguyen, N. K., Krysa, J. A., Seethaler, B., Zhao, Y.-Y., Cole, J. L., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19766604
Riccio, A., Fortin, E., Mellbin, L., Norhammar, A., Näsman, P., Rydén, L., Sesti, G., & Ferrannini, G. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24995588
Wang, Y., Jiang, Y., Li, J., Lin, X., Luo, Y., Tan, S., Yang, H., Gao, Z., Cui, X., Yin, P., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26655664
Mahmoudinezhad, M., Khosravaniardakani, S., Saljoughi Badelou, L., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22612948
Deehan, E. C., Zhang, Z., Riva, A., Armet, A. M., Perez-Muñoz, M. E., Nguyen, N. K., Krysa, J. A., Seethaler, B., Zhao, Y.-Y., Cole, J. L., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19766574
Lu, Z., Xiong, Y., Feng, X., Yang, K., Gu, H., Zhao, X., Meng, X., & Wang, Y. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24038752
Moshkovits, Y., Rott, D., Chetrit, A., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14551679
Deehan, E. C., Zhang, Z., Riva, A., Armet, A. M., Perez-Muñoz, M. E., Nguyen, N. K., Krysa, J. A., Seethaler, B., Zhao, Y.-Y., Cole, J. L., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19766595
Jochems, S. P., Jacquelin, B., Tchitchek, N., et al. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13357479
Lee, J., Kim, M.-H., Jang, J.-Y., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26641054
Niu, J., Lu, M., & Liu, B. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22605965
Backes, A., Aguayo, G. A., Collings, P. J., Fatouhi, D. E., Fagherazzi, G., & Malisoux, L. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26553251
Deehan, E. C., Zhang, Z., Riva, A., Armet, A. M., Perez-Muñoz, M. E., Nguyen, N. K., Krysa, J. A., Seethaler, B., Zhao, Y.-Y., Cole, J. L., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19766610
Maghbooli, Z., NaserMoghadasi, A., Rezaeimanesh, N., Omidifar, A., Varzandi, T., & Sahraian, M. A. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14456981
Niu, J., Lu, M., & Liu, B. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22605962
Mclellan, I., Miserendino, M. L., & Hollmann, M. E. T. (2006) · INFM-OAR (INFN Catania) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.172050
FIGURE 4 in Hypostomus rhantos (Siluriformes: Loricariidae), a new species from southern Venezuela
Armbruster, J. W., Tansey, L. A., & Lujan, N. K. (2007) · INFM-OAR (INFN Catania) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.178180
Liu, S., Hong, L., Mo, M., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19298480
Yao, Y., Wang, B., Geng, T., Chen, J., Chen, W., & Li, L. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.25101117
Deehan, E. C., Zhang, Z., Riva, A., Armet, A. M., Perez-Muñoz, M. E., Nguyen, N. K., Krysa, J. A., Seethaler, B., Zhao, Y.-Y., Cole, J. L., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19766589
Soleimani, E., Ardekani, A. M., Fayyazishishavan, E., & Farhangi, M. A. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23751887
Naghshband, Z., & Malini, S. S. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19603503
Cho, I. Y., Chang, Y., Sung, E., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26736768
Deehan, E. C., Zhang, Z., Riva, A., Armet, A. M., Perez-Muñoz, M. E., Nguyen, N. K., Krysa, J. A., Seethaler, B., Zhao, Y.-Y., Cole, J. L., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19766577
Deehan, E. C., Zhang, Z., Riva, A., Armet, A. M., Perez-Muñoz, M. E., Nguyen, N. K., Krysa, J. A., Seethaler, B., Zhao, Y.-Y., Cole, J. L., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19766583
Riccio, A., Fortin, E., Mellbin, L., Norhammar, A., Näsman, P., Rydén, L., Sesti, G., & Ferrannini, G. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24995475
Yoshinaga, M. Y., Faria, F. G., Chaves‐Filho, A. B., Miyamoto, S., PITHON-CURI, T. C., Bueno, G. C., Silva, B. F., Peres, S. B., & de Moraes, S. M. F. (2025) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo16010016 · Cited by 1
Golmohammadi, M., Attari, V. E., Salimi, Y., Saed, L., Nachvak, S. M., & Samadi, M. (2025) · Nutrition Journal · doi:10.1186/s12937-025-01275-6
Andaç, B., Başaran, M. N., & Eren, G. N. (2025) · The European Research Journal · doi:10.18621/eurj.1815977
Zhai, W., He, M., Wang, C., He, J. Q., Wang, T., Xing, X., Liu, Z., & Guo, S. (2025) · Heart and Vessels · doi:10.1007/s00380-025-02643-2
“Other indicators, used in clinical practice or research, include the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) [14], the insulin suppression test [15], the minimal model analysis [16], the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and the Matsuda index [17].”
Feješ, A., Bečka, E., Slivková, I. F., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2025.1694559
Sangsefidi, Z. S., Sangouni, A. A., Yarhosseini, F., Hosseinzadeh, M., Akhondi‐Meybodi, M., Ranjbar, A., Madadizadeh, F., & Mozaffari–Khosravi, H. (2026) · Journal of Health Population and Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s41043-025-01186-6
“…are designed and developed, including the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) [10], triglyceride and glucose (TyG) index [11], the metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR) [12], insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) [13], and visceral adiposity index (VAI) [14].”
Fu, P., Zhou, H., Li, Y., Wang, Y., & Dou, H. (2026) · Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1007/s10067-026-07929-y
“The Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI), derived from fasting insulin and glucose levels, is a widely accepted surrogate marker due to its simplicity and strong correlation with the gold-standard hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp technique [9].”
Gaspar, A. P. R., Ana, C. T. S., Grancieri, M., Cruz, A. P. C. D. M., Viana, L. S. O., Fornazier, E. L., Corrêa, M. D. S., Venial, H. J., Boeloni, J. N., & Costa, N. M. B. (2026) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.70392 · Cited by 1
Singha, A., Naik, B., Shetty, S. P., et al. (2026) · Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care · doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_374_25
“[15,16] The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‑IR) was carried out using the following formula: HOMA‑IR = [ Fasting glucose (nmol/L) × Fasting insulin ( μ U/mL)/22.5].”
InfluentialAntsiferova, D. M., Ametov, A. S., Koteshkova, O. M. K., Ромашкина, Л. П., & Antsiferov, M. B. (2026) · Diabetes Mellitus · doi:10.14341/dm13441
Raffaelli, L., Palladini, M., Paolini, M., Poletti, S., Lorenzi, C., Decorato, R., Carminati, M., Colombo, C., Zanardi, R., Benedetti, F., et al. (2026) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2026.02.003
Jia, H., Liu, S., zhou, M., Cao, Y., Gan, X., He, P., Li, F., Xu, Y., Wang, B., & Xu, X. (2026) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-026-08732-y
“All lipid parameters (TG, TC, HDL, LDL) and FPG are consistently expressed in mmol/L throughout the manuscript and tables, except where internal unit conversion was required to calculate TyG and QUICKI [24].”
Costa, M. A. D. C., Fraiz, G. M., Cardoso, R. R., da Silva, A. A., Duarte, V. D. S., Cruz, C. E. S. G., Rodrigues, E. G., Shaikh, M. W., Keshavarzian, A., Hamaker, B. R., et al. (2026) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/d5fo02226f · Cited by 1
Thalmeier, S., Jarešová, T., Gostelow, R., et al. (2026) · Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine · doi:10.1093/jvimsj/aalag039
Krasova, N. S., Колеснікова, А., Gorshunska, M., et al. (2026) · PROBLEMS OF ENDOCRINE PATHOLOGY · doi:10.21856/j-pep.2026.1.02
Martynenko, A., Ilnitski, A. N., Voronina, E. A., & Kashtalap, V. V. (2025) · Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.17802/2306-1278-2025-14-6-105-117
Bozbulut, R. (2026) · Avrasya Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi · doi:10.53493/avrasyasbd.1870246
Patrier, L. (2014) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/856fba23zd92az4508z88b4z4a6cd1d739dd
Davids, S. F. G., Raghubeer, S., Davison, G. M., & Matsha, T. E. (2026) · Advances in Public Health · doi:10.1155/adph/8823096
Obésité et insulinorésistance : quels déterminants ? : inflammation, masse grasse ou triglycérides ?
Boursier, G. (2017) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/82f62752zb2c1z4f8fz82e0z694691e674b8
Rôle des aminoacides ramifiés dans le déterminisme génétique de la résistance à l’insuline
Haydar, S. (2018) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/5c14c2c4z469bz40fazb55cz985ea78d6c2a
Impact de la protéine SHP2 associé au syndrome de Noonan sur le métabolisme glucidique
Paccoud, R. (2018) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/f9b9b046zdf4bz404fz9689z8deb20f6e5ac
Médecine d’urgence, nutrition et biomarqueurs du stress
Bouillon‐Minois, J. (2022) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/9293ae03ze761z4582zb5f5z9ecb1a766db9
Wong, J. M., Dakhili, S. A. T., Kuppan, P., et al. (2026) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00007.2025
Majeed, S., Moin, H., Fatima, S., et al. (2026) · Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research · doi:10.1111/jog.70285
Endocan level and its association with glycemic and inflammatory indices in diabetic nephropathy
Al-Mayahi, L. M., & Shammaree, S. A. W. A. (2026) · BMC Endocrine Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12902-026-02274-2
“Several validated indices were employed, including the Matsuda Insulin Sensitivity Index (MISI) [21], the Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) [22], and the Mcauley index (MACi) [23].”
Mohatar-Barba, M., Fernández‐Aparicio, Á., Perona, J. S., Schmidt‐RioValle, J., Enrique-Mirón, C., & González‐Jiménez, E. (2026) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0347304
Tripathi, P., KADAM, N. S., Kathrikolly, T., et al. (2026) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.107273
“The Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) score was 0.31, reflecting impaired insulin sensitivity [10].”
InfluentialLudwig, M. S., Heck, T. G., Minguetti‐Câmara, V. C., Schroeder, H. T., Muller, C. H. D. L., Bittencourt, A., Scomazzon, S. P., Bruxel, M. A., Porto, R. R., Bandeira, B. B., et al. (2026) · Cell Stress and Chaperones · doi:10.1016/j.cstres.2026.100180
“The complete set of experimental groups in ipITT is shown in Supplementary Figure 2 while plasma contents of HSP72, HSP73, total HSP70, insulin alongside HOMA-IR, QUICKI, and FFA plasma levels during ipGTT are depicted in Supplementary Figure 3.”
InfluentialPeng, L., Yu, H., Huang, W., et al. (2026) · European journal of medical research · doi:10.1186/s40001-026-04369-x
Review of the Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) Calculator
Ambalavanan, J. (2026) · Evidence to Action Official Journal of MDCalc · doi:10.65357/001c.161896
Molani‐Gol, R., Aftabi‐Yousefabad, S., Azarsina, G., Shanehbandi, D., Malekian, M., Jafarabadi, M. A., & Rafraf, M. (2026) · Genes & Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s12263-026-00802-2
“…check index (QUICKI) were calculated using the formulas (HOMA-IR = [Fasting Insulin (µIU/ ml) * Fasting Glucose (mg/dl)]/405; HOMA-β = (Fasting Insulin (µIU/ml) * 360)/(Fasting Glucose (mg/dl) − 63); QUICKI = 1/[log(Fasting Insulin (µIU/ml)) + log(Fasting Glucose (mg/dl))] [28, 29].”
HealthMarkers: Clinical and Metabolic Biomarker Calculation Toolkit
Suleman, S. (2026) · CRAN: Contributed Packages · doi:10.32614/cran.package.healthmarkers
Yuan, M., Zhao, S., Lu, C., Tong, Y., Shen, C., Yin, N., Cao, Z., Zhang, Z., Liu, R., Wang, J., et al. (2026) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2026.113338
Ateq, A. H. (2026) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.109720
“The ECG voltage criteria were determined using the Sokolow-Lyon Index (SV1 + RV5/V6 > 35 mm) [16].”
Mazza, E., Raffaelli, L., Lorenzi, C., Decorato, R., Sara, P., Zanardi, R., Colombo, C., & Benedetti, F. (2026) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.70121
“We also calculated the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), which is derived using the inverse of the sum of the logarithms of the fasting insulin and fasting glucose: 1/(log(fasting insulin μU/ mL) + log(fasting glucose mg/dL)) [56, 57].”
Sasikala, M., Attunuru, B. P. R., Natarajan, V., Kulkarni, S., Putta, T., Pinninti, S. S., Shankar, D., Dontheneni, S. B., Suryadevara, N., Vasireddy, N. T., et al. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-9907316/v1
El‐Khateeb, E., Khrieba, M. O., Badawoud, A. M., Morsy, A. A., El-Hanafy, A. A., Hamza, E., Habba, E., El-Hanafy, D. A., Eltantawy, N., Al-Dhelaan, R. A., et al. (2026) · Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00210-026-05510-7
“In addition, insulin sensitivity was measured by the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) equation (less than 0.33 indicated IR) (Katz et al. 2000).”
InfluentialAbdu, F. A., Mohammed, A., Zhang, W., Alifu, J., Liu, L., Yin, G., Liao, Y., Zhu, G., & Che, W. (2026) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-026-03244-7
“…homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) [7], McAu-ley index [8], and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) [9], and non-insulin-based indices like triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) [10], atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) [11], estimated glucose disposal rate…”
Tamini, S., Bondesan, A., Caroli, D., et al. (2026) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo16060415
“The QUICKI index, also derived from fasting glucose and insulin levels, was initially developed to identify insulin resistance and has been suggested as a predictor of MetS [30,32–34].”
Luk, H., Appell, C. R., Zhang, F., Blinch, J., Nair, K. S., Shen, C., & Levitt, D. E. (2026) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0351577
“…during OGTT) [53–55], insulin sensitivity (fasting insulin [56], insulin AUC [53], and the Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index [QISCI] [57]), insulin resistance (homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR]), and beta-cell function (homeostatic model assessment of…”
Zeibak, M., Karbian, N., Riahi, Y., Baraghithy, S., Ahmad, L., Tabib, A., Abromovitz, I., Agranovitz, B., Benyamini, H., Gottlieb, E., et al. (2026) · npj Metabolic Health and Disease · doi:10.1038/s44324-026-00115-3
“The quantitative insulinsensitivitycheckindex(QUICKI),amarkerofinsulinsensitivitythat estimatesinsulinsensitivitybasedonfastinginsulinandglucoselevels 26,27 , was signi fi cantly higher in CD59a KO mice fed on HFD when compared to WT mice(Fig.”
Goshozono, M., Miura, N., Ishizu, T., Torii, S., Hayashi, N., & Taguchi, M. (2026) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-026-06305-7
“Homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-R) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) were calculated from the fasting concentrations of serum glucose and insulin using the following formulas (Matthews et al. 1985 ; Katz et al. 2000):”
Bolatimi, O. E., Hua, Y., Phillips, G. J., Ekuban, A., Brizendine/Ames, P. M., Watson, W. H., Banerjee, M., Ekuban, F. A., & Wahlang, B. (2026) · Current Research in Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.crtox.2026.100311
“The quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) was also calculated using fasting blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations (Katz et al., 2000).”
Kimmeswenger, I., Feješ, A., Somoza, V., Šebeková, K., & Lieder, B. (2026) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2026.1857562
“The quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) was calculated as: 1/[log(fasting insulin, μ IU/mL) + log(fasting glucose, mg/dL)] (28).”
Ntikoudi, A., Evangelou, E., Galanis, P., Owens, D. A., Ventouri, S., Rizikou, D., Papachristou, A., Mastorakos, G. P., & Vlachou, E. D. (2026) · Livers · doi:10.3390/livers6040057
“Insulin sensitivity was evaluated using the Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI), calculated as 1/[log(fasting insulin) + log(fasting glucose)] [19].”
Bhasin, G., Dafale, R. S., Kamath, S. U., et al. (2026) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0351950
“Included established biochemical surrogates of IR, HOMA-IR [9], QUICKI [10], McAuley Index [11], and the TyG Index [12], calculated according to their original published equations”
Ikkurthi, S., Srinivasan, A. R., Suresh, V., et al. (2026) · Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.4103/ijem.ijem_934_25
“C)] [13] QUICKI = 1/[Log (Insulin) + Log (Glucose)] [14] HOMA‑ β (”
Haleem, E. N. A. A., & Yousef, B. A. (2026) · Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology · doi:10.1002/jbt.71005
“Insulin sensitivity was determined by the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) equation [1/(Log (fasting insulin μU/mL) + Log (fasting glucose mg/dL)] [29].”
Krase, A. A., Giannaki, C. D., Ntoumas, I., Stefanidis, I., Karatzaferi, C., & Sakkas, G. K. (2026) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina62071268
“Metabolic testing was performed separately from the intradialytic exercise sessions [25,26].”
Mostafai, R., Nachvak, S. M., Saber, A., Mahaki, B., Jalilian, N., Behbood, L., Salehi, M. G., Heidarpour, B., & Hassankiadeh, R. F. (2026) · BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies · doi:10.1186/s12906-026-05249-x
“Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), Homeostatic Model Assessment for Beta-cell Function (HOMA-β) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) were calculated using the following formula [58, 59]:”
Villafruela-Rodríguez-Manzaneque, P. J., Tortosa-Carreres, J., Sierra‐Rivera, A., Morales-Garcés, M., Sahuquillo-Frias, L., & Marcaida, G. (2026) · Advances in Laboratory Medicine / Avances en Medicina de Laboratorio · doi:10.1515/almed-2026-0066
“The Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) also correlates closely with HEC, particularly in obese populations [3, 14, 15].”
Yousuf, S. D., Ahmed, W., Qadir, A., Rehman, N. U., Islam, K. U., & Ganie, M. A. (2026) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.113105
“The HOMA-IR index was calculated as follows: fasting insulin (µIU/mL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL)/405 [17,18].”
Tang, R., Xi, R., Zong, X., Pan, R., Jia, S., Xu, Y., Tao, R., & Fan, Q. (2026) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2026.1796332
“…characteristic; SHAP, SHapley Additive exPlanations; SVM, support vector machine; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; TyG, triglyceride-glucose; WBC, white blood cell count; XGB/XGBoost, extreme gradient boosting. across non-obese, obese, hypertensive, and type 2 diabetic populations (5, 6).”
Exploring on the Hyperinsulinism Management in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
de Medeiros, S. F., Yamamoto, M. M. W., Jacomeli, J., Soares, J. M., Maciel, G. A. R., & Baracat, E. C. (2026) · Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.11648/j.jgo.20261403.12
Kandemir, T., Yıldız, M., Tercan, U., et al. (2026) · Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases · doi:10.1186/s13023-026-04353-y
rezaee, S., Mehr, P. A., Pournemati, P., Laher, I., Eken, Ö., & Aldhahi, M. I. (2026) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom16081152
Rezazadeh, M., Mostaghim, E., Kheradpishe, A., Radkhah, H., & Amiri, B. S. (2026) · Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1007/s40200-026-02047-7
“Similar to HOMA-IR, the QUICKI method is based on the linear relationship between fasting insulin and glucose levels and the gold-standard hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp technique [15].”
Wang, Y., Yao, H., Li, L., & Du, R. (2026) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2026.1853266
The case for broader use of HOMA-IR in pediatric metabolic assessment: a narrative review
Snouda, S. (2026) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2026.1883916
Aguilera‐Rodríguez, R., Almaguer‐Gotay, D., Sosa, A. Á., Anidos-Machado, M., Silva-Ricardo, Y., Cuello‐Almarales, D., Estupiñán‐Rodríguez, A., & Almaguer‐Mederos, L. E. (2026) · The Cerebellum · doi:10.1007/s12311-026-02076-1
“…blood glucose homeostasis in patients with mild-to-moderate SCA2, apart from a subtle increase in fasting serum glucose levels along with a decreasing QUICKI index for insulin sensitivity after correction for BMI, which may be indicative of an incipient pro-insulin resistance phenotype [72, 83 ].”
Waist-to-height ratio reveals hidden metabolic risk in lean individuals with MASLD
Wang, Z.-G., Tan, W., Luo, J., Wei, H., An, W., Li, M., Gao, Q., Sun, L., He, L., Ma, J., et al. (2026) · Clinical Nutrition ESPEN · doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2026.105064
Tagln1-Cre –driven Ercc1 deficiency reveals sex-specific effects on adipose tissue in mice
Jüttner, A. A., Delhanty, P. J. D., Raben, J. D., Goos, Y., McLuskey, A., Boon, Y., VRIES, R. D., von der Thüsen, J. H., Danser, A. H. J., Roks, A. J. M., et al. (2026) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endocr/bqag106
Serum Reg-Iα is not Suitable Marker of Metabolic Syndrome
Stejskal, D., Karpisek, M., Horakova, D., et al. (2007) · Bratislavské lekárske listy/Bratislava medical journal · doi:10.1007/bf03656903
Feješ, A., Szabó, J., Sušienková, P., Bačiak, L., Mihalovičová, L., Šarayová, V., Borbélyová, V., & Šebeková, K. (2026) · Metabolic Brain Disease · doi:10.1007/s11011-026-01989-4
“The Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) was calculated as 1/(log fasting insulin (µIU/mL) + log fasting glycemia (mg/dL) ) (Katz et al. 2000).”
Gul, D., Demirhan, K., Erdik, A., et al. (2026) · Sakarya Medical Journal · doi:10.31832/smj.1906893
Transcriptional and epigenomic analysis of insulin sensitivity in human adipocytes
Zhang, Q., Zhou, A., Maynard, A. G., Emont, M. P., Jacobs, C. L., Nagesh, S., Batista, T. M., Gibson, R. M., Huang, Y., Kaalia, R., et al. (2026) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2026.118042
Plohotnichenko, O. O., Tyzhnenko, T., Misiura, K. V., et al. (2026) · INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (Ukraine) · doi:10.22141/2224-0721.22.6.2026.1755
Ikkurthi, S., Srinivasan, A. R., Vaikkakara, S., Jayanthi, R., Sripad, D. V., & Murugesan, R. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11229523/v1
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Impaired Glucose Regulation in a multi-ethnic population
Mostafa, S. A. (2014) · Leicester Research Archive (University of Leicester)
Metadata
- Authors
- Katz, A., Nambi, S. S., Mather, K., Baron, A. D., Follmann, D. A., Sullivan, G., & Quon, M. J.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Indiana University Indianapolis (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2000-07-01
- Volume
- 85
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 2402-2410
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- OpenAlex
- W2126327417
- Cited by
- 3,931
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 97 · 2025: 129 · 2024: 142 · 2023: 174 · 2022: 188 · 2021: 173 · 2020: 184 · 2019: 145 · 2018: 153 · 2017: 174 · 2016: 170 · 2015: 164 · 2014: 184 · 2013: 219 · 2012: 169
- FWCI
- 33.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Keywords
- QUICKI, insulin sensitivity, insulin resistance, fasting insulin, fasting blood glucose, glucose clamp, minimal model analysis, type 2 diabetes, obesity, insulin resistance index
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Female, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Biological, Obesity, Glucose Clamp Technique
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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