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Cited by 7,425Pancreatic function and diabetesDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsDiabetes Management and Research

Glucose clamp technique: a method for quantifying insulin secretion and resistance.

DeFronzo, R A, Tobin, J D, Andres, R·1979·American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism
DOI 10.1152/ajpendo.1979.237.3.e214
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Abstract

Methods for the quantification of beta-cell sensitivity to glucose (hyperglycemic clamp technique) and of tissue sensitivity to insulin (euglycemic insulin clamp technique) are described. Hyperglycemic clamp technique. The plasma glucose concentration is acutely raised to 125 mg/dl above basal levels by a priming infusion of glucose. The desired hyperglycemic plateau is subsequently maintained by adjustment of a variable glucose infusion, based on the negative feedback principle. Because the plasma glucose concentration is held constant, the glucose infusion rate is an index of glucose metabolism. Under these conditions of constant hyperglycemia, the plasma insulin response is biphasic with an early burst of insulin release during the first 6 min followed by a gradually progressive increase in plasma insulin concentration. Euglycemic insulin clamp technique. The plasma insulin concentration is acutely raised and maintained at approximately 100 muU/ml by a prime-continuous infusion of insulin. The plasma glucose concentration is held constant at basal levels by a variable glucose infusion using the negative feedback principle. Under these steady-state conditions of euglycemia, the glucose infusion rate equals glucose uptake by all the tissues in the body and is therefore a measure of tissue sensitivity to exogenous insulin.

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Crossref · 10.1152/ajpendo.1979.237.3.e214

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7 of 7 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • The hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp accounts for simultaneous rather than sequential responses to glucose and insulin and is a highly reproducible method for quantifying β-cell sensitivity to glucose and tissue sensitivity to insulin.

    “The hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp test (hereinafter referred to as clamp) accounts for the simultaneous rather than sequential responses to glucose and insulin. The clamp offers a highly reproducible physiologic method for quantifying β-cell sensitivity to glucose and tissue sensitivity to insulin 16.”

    From Effect of exercise training on insulin-stimulated glucose disposal: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (2023) · cites this paper as [16]

  • The euglycemic insulin clamp technique is the gold standard for measuring insulin action in vivo.

    “The euglycemic insulin clamp technique ( 5 ) is considered to be the gold standard for measuring insulin action in vivo.”

    From Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance Is the Primary Defect in Type 2 Diabetes (2009) · cites this paper as [5]

  • Under steady-state conditions of constant euglycemia, all glucose infused is taken up by the cells.

    “Under these steady-state conditions of constant euglycemia, all of the glucose infused was taken up by the cells.”

    From Epinephrine-induced insulin resistance in man (1980) · cites this paper as [17]

  • The hyperinsulinemic euglycemic glucose clamp technique is the gold standard for quantifying insulin sensitivity in vivo.

    “The hyperinsulinemic euglycemic glucose clamp technique is the “gold standard” for quantifying insulin sensitivity in vivo because it directly measures the effects of insulin to promote glucose utilization under steady state conditions (7,8).”

    From Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans (2000) · cites this paper as [7]

  • Development of techniques to measure insulin-mediated glucose disposal allowed direct confirmation of insulin resistance in individuals matching a noninsulin-dependent diabetes phenotype.

    “In parallel, development of techniques to measure insulin-mediated glucose disposal allowed for direct confirmation of insulin resistance in individuals matching a noninsulin-dependent diabetes phenotype39–41.”

    From 100 years of insulin: celebrating the past, present and future of diabetes therapy (2021) · cites this paper as [39]

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Authors
DeFronzo, R. A., Tobin, J. D., & Andres, R.
Affiliations
Yale University (US)
Venue
American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism
Publisher
American Physiological Society
Published
1979-09-01
Volume
237
Issue
3
Pages
E214
ISSN
  • 0193-1849 (ISSN-L)
  • 1522-1555
DOI
10.1152/ajpendo.1979.237.3.e214
OpenAlex
W2105912552
Cited by
7,425
References
7
Citations by year
2026: 104 · 2025: 221 · 2024: 227 · 2023: 183 · 2022: 205 · 2021: 213 · 2020: 208 · 2019: 172 · 2018: 175 · 2017: 196 · 2016: 192 · 2015: 219 · 2014: 224 · 2013: 262 · 2012: 228
FWCI
20.43
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatic function and diabetes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Keywords
glucose clamp technique, hyperglycemic clamp, hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, insulin secretion, insulin resistance, beta-cell glucose sensitivity, glucose infusion rate, glucose metabolism
MeSH terms
Insulin Secretion, Glucose, Humans, Insulin, Islets of Langerhans, Mathematics, Methods, Science, Time Factors

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