The DOI matches its Crossref record; 44 of the 44 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
AgRP(83-132) Acts as an Inverse Agonist on the Human-Melanocortin-4 Receptor
Open accessAbstract
The central melanocortin (MC) system has been demonstrated to act downstream of leptin in the regulation of body weight. The system comprises alpha-MSH, which acts as agonist, and agouti-related protein (AgRP), which acts as antagonist at the MC3 and MC4 receptors (MC3R and MC4R). This property suggests that MCR activity is tightly regulated and that opposing signals are integrated at the receptor level. We here propose another level of regulation within the melanocortin system by showing that the human (h) MC4R displays constitutive activity in vitro as assayed by adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity. Furthermore, human AgRP(83-132) acts as an inverse agonist for the hMC4R since it was able to suppress constitutive activity of the hMC4R both in intact B16/G4F melanoma cells and membrane preparations. The effect of AgRP(83-132) on the hMC4R was blocked by the MC4R ligand SHU9119. Also the hMC3R and the mouse(m)MC5R were shown to be constitutively active. AgRP(83-132) acted as an inverse agonist on the hMC3R but not on the mMC5R. Thus, AgRP is able to regulate MCR activity independently of alpha-MSH. These findings form a basis to further investigate the relevance of constitutive activity of the MC4R and of inverse agonism of AgRP for the regulation of body weight.
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Cites
Targeted disruption of the melanocortin-4 receptor results in obesity in mice
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Leptin Increases Hypothalamic Pro-opiomelanocortin mRNA Expression in the Rostral Arcuate Nucleus
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Molecular cloning, expression, and gene localization of a fourth melanocortin receptor
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Cited by
Millan, M. J. (2002) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0301-0082(02)00009-6 · Cited by 3,035
The Melanocortin-4 Receptor: Physiology, Pharmacology, and Pathophysiology
Tao, Y.-X. (2010) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2009-0037 · Cited by 531
High constitutive signaling of the ghrelin receptor–identification of a potent inverse agonist
Holst, B., Cygankiewicz, A., Jensen, T. H., Ankersen, M., & Schwartz, T. W. (2003) · Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/me.2003-0069 · Cited by 515
Overlapping Brain Circuits for Homeostatic and Hedonic Feeding
Rossi, M. A., & Stuber, G. D. (2018) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2017.09.021 · Cited by 415
The role of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurones in feeding behaviour
Millington, G. W. (2007) · Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/1743-7075-4-18 · Cited by 345
Metadata
- Authors
- Nijenhuis, W. A. J.
- Venue
- Molecular Endocrinology
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2001-01-01
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 164-171
- ISSN
- 0888-8809 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2059553252
- Cited by
- 406
- References
- 44
- FWCI
- 8.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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