The DOI matches its Crossref record; 114 of the 114 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Growth Hormone Regulation of Sex-Dependent Liver Gene Expression
Open accessAbstract
The liver is a primary target for the action of GH, a pituitary protein hormone that regulates a broad range of physiological processes, including long bone growth, fatty acid oxidation, glucose uptake, and hepatic steroid and foreign compound metabolism. GH exerts sex-dependent effects on the liver in many species, with many hepatic genes, most notably genes coding for cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, being transcribed in a sex-dependent manner. Sex differences in CYP expression are most striking in rats and mice (up to 500-fold male-female differences), but are also seen, albeit to a much smaller degree, in humans, where they are an important determinant of the sex dependence of hepatic drug and steroid metabolism. This article examines the mechanisms whereby GH, via its sex-dependent temporal patterns of pituitary release, activates intracellular signaling leading to the sexually dimorphic transcription of CYPs and other liver-expressed genes. Recent findings implicating the GH-regulated transcription factor STAT5b (signal transducer and activator of transcription 5b), hepatocyte nuclear factors 3beta, 4alpha and 6, and sex differences in DNA methylation and chromatin structure in the sex-dependent actions of GH are reviewed, and current mechanistic models are evaluated.
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Cites
Clinical importance of the cytochromes P450
Nebert, D. W., & Russell, D. W. (2002) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)11203-7 · Cited by 1,414
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CYTOCHROME P-450 3A4: Regulation and Role in Drug Metabolism
Guengerich, F. P. (1999) · Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology · doi:10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.39.1.1 · Cited by 1,267
Hayhurst, G. P., Lee, Y.-H., Lambert, G., Ward, J. M., & Gonzalez, F. J. (2001) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.21.4.1393-1403.2001 · Cited by 1,107
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Requirement of STAT5b for sexual dimorphism of body growth rates and liver gene expression
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Self-citationSerine phosphorylation of STATs
Decker, T., & Kovarik, P. (2000) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1203481 · Cited by 887
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Roles of Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 in Mouse Postnatal Growth
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Epigenetics and the environment: emerging patterns and implications
Feil, R., & Fraga, M. F. (2012) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg3142 · Cited by 1,929
Sex differences in human adipose tissues – the biology of pear shape
Karastergiou, K., Smith, S. R., Greenberg, A. S., & Fried, S. K. (2012) · Biology of Sex Differences · doi:10.1186/2042-6410-3-13 · Cited by 1,109
Metabolism disrupting chemicals and metabolic disorders
Heindel, J. J., Blumberg, B., Cave, M., Machtinger, R., Mantovani, A., Mendez, M. A., Nadal, A., Palanza, P., Panzica, G., Sargis, R., et al. (2017) · Reproductive Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.10.001 · Cited by 1,101
Lonardo, A., Nascimbeni, F., Ballestri, S., Fairweather, D., Win, S., Than, T. A., Abdelmalek, M. F., & Suzuki, A. (2019) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.30626 · Cited by 1,050
Sex Differences in the Expression of Hepatic Drug Metabolizing Enzymes
Waxman, D. J., & Holloway, M. G. (2009) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1124/mol.109.056705 · Cited by 815
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Metadata
- Authors
- Waxman, D. J., & O’Connor, C.
- Venue
- Molecular Endocrinology
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2006-11-01
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2613-2629
- ISSN
- 0888-8809 (ISSN-L)
- 1944-9917
- OpenAlex
- W2124966147
- Cited by
- 458
- References
- 114
- FWCI
- 17.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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