Arthritis and cannabinoids: HU-210 and Win-55,212–2 prevent IL-1 α-induced matrix degradation in bovine articular chondrocytes in-vitro
Abstract
Cannabinoids have analgesic, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties and attenuate joint damage in animal models of arthritis. In this study the mechanisms of action of the synthetic cannabinoid agonists, HU-210 and Win-55,212–2, were studied to determine if they affected interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α)-induced proteoglycan and collagen degradation in bovine nasal cartilage explant cultures and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in primary cultures of bovine articular chondrocytes. The effects of the inactive enantiomer, Win-55,212–3, were compared with those of the active enantiomer, Win-55,212–2, to determine if the effects were cannabinoid (CB)-receptor mediated. The chondrocytes and explants were stimulated by IL-1α (100 U mL−1 ≡ 0.06 nm and 500 U mL−1 ≡ 0.3 nm, respectively). Proteoglycan breakdown was determined as sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) release using the dimethylmethylene blue assay. Collagen degradation was determined as hydroxyproline in the conditioned culture media and cartilage digests. PGE2 was determined by ELISA. Expression of cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2; cyclooxygenase-1 and −2 (COX-1 and COX-2); inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS); as well as activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in chondrocytes were studied using immunoblotting techniques and immunofluorescence. The results showed that HU-210 and Win-55,212–2 (5–15 μm) significantly inhibited IL-1α-stimulated proteoglycan (P < 0.001) and collagen degradation (P < 0.001). Win-55,212–2 (5–10 μm) also significantly inhibited PGE2 production (P < 0.01). At 5 μm, Win-55,212–2 inhibited the expression of iNOS and COX-2 and activation of NF-κB. Chondrocytes appeared to constitutively express cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2. It is concluded that biologically stable synthetic cannabinoids protect cartilage matrix from degradation induced by cytokines and this effect is possibly CB-receptor mediated and involves effects on prostaglandin and nitric oxide metabolism. Cannabinoids could also be producing these effects via inhibition of NF-κB activation.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
WIN-55,212-2 inhibits the production of PGE2, expression of iNOS, and the activation of nuclear factor kappa B in bovine chondrocytes.
“WIN-55,212-2 also inhibits the production of PGE 2 , expression of iNOS, and the activation of nuclear factor kappa B in bovine chondrocytes (Mbvundula et al, 2006).”
From The endogenous cannabinoid system: a budding source of targets for treating inflammatory and neuropathic pain (2018) · cites this paper as Mbvundula et al, 2006
In bovine nasal cartilage stimulated by IL-1β, the cannabinoid receptor agonists WIN-55,212-2 and HU-210 prevented the breakdown of proteoglycan and collagen.
“In bovine nasal cartilage stimulated by IL-1β, the cannabinoid receptor agonists WIN-55,212-2 and HU-210 prevented the breakdown of proteoglycan and collagen (Mbvundula et al, 2006).”
From The endogenous cannabinoid system: a budding source of targets for treating inflammatory and neuropathic pain (2018) · cites this paper as Mbvundula et al, 2006
Cites
Molecular characterization of a peripheral receptor for cannabinoids
Munro, S., Thomas, K. L., & Abu-Shaar, M. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/365061a0 · Cited by 5,092 · see citing works
Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA
Matsuda, L. A., Lolait, S. J., Brownstein, M. J., Young, A. C., & Bonner, T. I. (1990) · Nature · doi:10.1038/346561a0 · Cited by 5,011 · see citing works
Farndale, R. W., Buttle, D. J., & Barrett, A. J. (1986) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects · doi:10.1016/0304-4165(86)90306-5 · Cited by 3,313 · see citing works
International Union of Pharmacology. XXVII. Classification of Cannabinoid Receptors
Howlett, A. C., Barth, F., Bonner, T. I., Cabral, G., Casellas, P., Devane, W. A., Felder, C. C., Herkenham, M., Mackie, K., Martin, B. R., et al. (2002) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.54.2.161 · Cited by 2,819 · see citing works
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Cannabinoids
Grotenhermen, F. (2003) · Clinical Pharmacokinetics · doi:10.2165/00003088-200342040-00003 · Cited by 1,514 · see citing works
A simplified method for the analysis of hydroxyproline in biological tissues
Reddy, G. K., & Enwemeka, C. S. (1996) · Clinical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0009-9120(96)00003-6 · Cited by 1,299 · see citing works
The role of reactive oxygen species in homeostasis and degradation of cartilage
Henrotin, Y. E., Bruckner, P., & Pujol, J.-P. L. (2003) · Osteoarthritis and Cartilage · doi:10.1016/s1063-4584(03)00150-x · Cited by 740 · see citing works
Malfait, A. M., Gallily, R., Sumariwalla, P. F., Malik, A. S., Andreakos, E., Mechoulam, R., & Feldmann, M. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.160105897 · Cited by 669 · see citing works
Howlett, A. C. (2002) · Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators · doi:10.1016/s0090-6980(02)00060-6 · Cited by 536 · see citing works
Marijuana and medicine: assessing the science base
(1999) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.37-2206 · Cited by 410 · see citing works
Cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandins in articular tissues
Martel‐Pelletier, J., Pelletier, J., & Fahmi, H. (2003) · Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism · doi:10.1016/s0049-0172(03)00134-3 · Cited by 334 · see citing works
Hardy, M. M., Seibert, K., Manning, P. T., Currie, M. G., Woerner, B. M., Edwards, D. A., Koki, A. T., & Tripp, C. S. (2002) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.10356 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
The endocannabinoid nervous system
Porter, A. C., & Felder, C. C. (2001) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0163-7258(01)00130-9 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
The role of nitric oxide in articular cartilage breakdown in osteoarthritis
Amin, A. R., & Abramson, S. B. (1998) · Current Opinion in Rheumatology · doi:10.1097/00002281-199805000-00018 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Nitric oxide in osteoarthritis
Studer, R., Jaffurs, D., Stefanović-Račić, M., Robbins, P. D., & Evans, C. H. (1999) · Osteoarthritis and Cartilage · doi:10.1053/joca.1998.0216 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Matrix metalloproteinases and TIMPs: properties and implications for the rheumatic diseases
Cawston, T. E. (1998) · Molecular Medicine Today · doi:10.1016/s1357-4310(97)01192-1 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Goggs, R. A. N., Carter, S. D., Schulze-Tanzil, G. G., Shakibaei, M., & Mobasheri, A. (2003) · The Veterinary Journal · doi:10.1016/s1090-0233(02)00331-3 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Miwa, M., Saura, R., Hirata, S., Hayashi, Y., Mizuno, K., & Itoh, H. (2000) · Osteoarthritis and Cartilage · doi:10.1053/joca.1999.0266 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Olney, R. C., Tsuchiya, K., Wilson, D. M., Mohtai, M., Maloney, W. J., Schurman, D. J., & Smith, R. L. (1996) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.81.3.8772582 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Henderson, C. J., SPECKER, B. L., Sierra, R. I., Campaigne, B. N., & Lovell, D. J. (2000) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/1529-0131(200003)43:3 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
BURSTEIN, S. H., Audette, C. A., Breuer, A., Devane, W. A., Colodner, S., Doyle, S. A., & Mechoulam, R. (1992) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jm00095a007 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Nitric oxide sustains nuclear factor kappaB activation in cytokine-stimulated chondrocytes
Clancy, R. M., Gomez, P., & Abramson, S. B. (2004) · Osteoarthritis and Cartilage · doi:10.1016/j.joca.2004.04.003 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Dajani, E. Z., Larsen, K. R., Taylor, J., Dajani, N. E., Shahwan, T. G., Neeleman, S. D., Taylor, M., Dayton, M. T., & Mir, G. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Mendes, A. F., Carvalho, A. P., Caramona, M. M., & Lopes, M. C. (2002) · Inflammation Research · doi:10.1007/pl00000317 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Battista, J. A. D., Doré, S., Morin, N., & Abribat, T. (1996) · Journal of Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4644(19961201)63:3 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Ajulemic Acid (CT3) A Potent Analog of the Acid Metabolites of THC
BURSTEIN, S. H. (2000) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/1381612003399473 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Mbvundula, E. C., Bunning, R. A. D., & Rainsford, K. D. (2005) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2004.11.018 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationNeidel, J., Blum, W. F. P., Schaeffer, H.-J., Schulze, M., Schönaü, E., Lindschau, J., & Föll, J. (1997) · Rheumatology International · doi:10.1007/pl00006847 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Dajani, E. Z., Larsen, K. R., Taylor, J., Dajani, N. E., Shahwan, T. G., Neeleman, S. D., Taylor, M. S., Dayton, M. T., & Mir, G. (1999) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(24)35067-0 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Nitric oxide inhibition of IGF‐1 stimulated proteoglycan synthesis: Role of cGMP
Studer, R., Decker, K. J., Melhem, S., & Georgescu, H. I. (2003) · Journal of Orthopaedic Research® · doi:10.1016/s0736-0266(03)00029-9 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Buttle, D. J., Fowles, A., Ilic, M. Z., & Handley, C. J. (1997) · Molecular Pathology · doi:10.1136/mp.50.3.153 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
GA-binding protein is involved in altered expression of ribosomal protein L32 gene
Ćurčić, D., Glibetić, M., Larson, D. E., & Sells, B. H. (1997) · Journal of Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4644(19970601)65:3 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Steinmeyer, J., & Daufeldt, S. (1997) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0006-2952(97)00066-x · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Buttle, D. J., Saklatvala, J., & Barrett, A. J. (1993) · Birkhäuser Basel eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-0348-7442-7_18 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 36 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Endocannabinoid System as an Emerging Target of Pharmacotherapy
Pacher, P., Bátkai, S., & Kunos, G. (2006) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.58.3.2 · Cited by 2,077 · see citing works
Donvito, G., Nass, S. R., Wilkerson, J. L., Curry, Z. A., Schurman, L. D., Kinsey, S. G., & Lichtman, A. H. (2018) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2017.204 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Cannabinoids and autoimmune diseases: A systematic review
Katchan, V., David, P., & Shoenfeld, Y. (2016) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2016.02.008 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Haspula, D., & Clark, M. A. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21207693 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Arthritis and pain. Future targets to control osteoarthritis pain
Dray, A., & Read, S. (2007) · Arthritis Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/ar2178 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Lee, H.-S., Lee, C.-H., Tsai, H.-C., & Salter, D. M. (2008) · Osteoarthritis and Cartilage · doi:10.1016/j.joca.2008.05.010 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Gui, H., Liu, X., Wang, Z.-W., He, D.-Y., Su, D.-F., & Dai, S.-M. (2014) · Rheumatology · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/ket447 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
La Porta, C., Bura, S. A., Aracil-Fernández, A., Manzanares, J., & Maldonado, R. (2013) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2012.10.009 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Yuan, F., Chen, F., Lü, W., Li, X., Li, J.-P., Li, C.-W., Xu, R., Wu, F., Hu, W. M., & Zhang, T. (2010) · Inflammation Research · doi:10.1007/s00011-010-0206-4 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Milner, J. M., Rowan, A. D., Cawston, T. E., & Young, D. A. (2006) · Arthritis Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/ar2034 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Dunn, S. L., Wilkinson, J. M., Crawford, A., Bunning, R. A. D., & Le Maitre, C. L. (2016) · Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research · doi:10.1089/can.2015.0001 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Self-citationInvolvement of the endocannabinoid system in osteoarthritis pain
Porta, C. L., Bura, S. A., Negrete, R., & Maldonado, R. J. (2014) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.12468 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Gui, H., Liu, X., Liu, L.-R., Su, D.-F., & Dai, S.-M. (2015) · Immunobiology · doi:10.1016/j.imbio.2014.12.012 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
The type 2 cannabinoid receptor regulates susceptibility to osteoarthritis in mice
Sophocleous, A., Börjesson, A. E., Salter, D. M., & Ralston, S. H. (2015) · Osteoarthritis and Cartilage · doi:10.1016/j.joca.2015.04.020 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
The endocannabinoid system and its therapeutic implications in rheumatoid arthritis
Gui, H., Tong, Q., Qu, W., Mao, C.-M., & Dai, S. (2015) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2015.03.006 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Quantum-dots based electrochemical immunoassay of interleukin-1α
Wu, H., Liu, G., Wang, J., & Lin, Y. (2007) · Electrochemistry Communications · doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2007.02.024 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Dunn, S. L., Wilkinson, J. M., Crawford, A., Le Maitre, C. L., & Bunning, R. A. D. (2014) · Osteoarthritis and Cartilage · doi:10.1016/j.joca.2013.10.016 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationOsteoarthritic pain: a review of current, theoretical and emerging therapeutics
Read, S., & Dray, A. (2008) · Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs · doi:10.1517/13543784.17.5.619 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Reddy, V. P., Grogan, D. P., Ahluwalia, M., Salles, É. L., Ahluwalia, P. K., Khodadadi, H., Alverson, K., Nguyen, A., Raju, S. P., Gaur, P., et al. (2020) · The EPMA Journal · doi:10.1007/s13167-020-00203-4 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Therapeutic Prospects of Cannabinoids in the Immunomodulation of Prevalent Autoimmune Diseases
Mesa, X. M. R., Vergara, A. F. M., Bolaños, L. A. C., Guevara-Moriones, N., Piñeros, A. L. M., & González, S. P. S. (2021) · Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research · doi:10.1089/can.2020.0183 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Bryk, M., & Starowicz, K. (2021) · Pharmacological Reports · doi:10.1007/s43440-021-00270-y · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Yuan, X., Wang, Q., Su, W., Li, H., Wu, C., Gao, F., Xiang, H.-C., Zhu, H., Lin, L., Hu, X., et al. (2018) · Journal of Pain Research · doi:10.2147/jpr.s171664 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Valastro, C., Campanile, D., Marinaro, M., Franchini, D., Piscitelli, F., Verde, R., Marzo, V. D., & Bello, A. D. (2017) · BMC Veterinary Research · doi:10.1186/s12917-017-1245-7 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Therapeutical Potential of CB2 Receptors in Immune-Related Diseases
Leleu‐Chavain, N., Desreumaux, P., Chavatte, P., & Millet, R. (2014) · Current Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.2174/1874467207666140219122337 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Bai, J., Ge, G., Wang, Y., Zhang, W., Wang, Q., Wang, W., Guo, X., Yu, B., Xu, Y., Yang, H., et al. (2019) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109025 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Filippis, D. D., Russo, A., Stefano, D. D., Maiuri, M. C., Esposito, G., Cinelli, M. P., Pietropaolo, C., Carnuccio, R., Russo, G., & Iuvone, T. (2007) · Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00109-007-0188-z · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Pajak, A., Kostrzewa, M., Małek, N., Korostyński, M., & Starowicz, K. (2017) · Journal of Pain Research · doi:10.2147/jpr.s132682 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Duncan, R. S., Riordan, S. M., Gernon, M. C., & Koulen, P. (2023) · Neural Regeneration Research · doi:10.4103/1673-5374.382220 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Winklmayr, M., Gaisberger, M., Kittl, M., Fuchs, J., Ritter, M., & Jakab, M. (2019) · Journal of Orthopaedic Research® · doi:10.1002/jor.24430 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
KONG, Y., WANG, W., ZHANG, C., WU, Y., LIU, Y., & ZHOU, X. (2016) · Molecular Medicine Reports · doi:10.3892/mmr.2016.5137 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Kaur, I., Behl, T., BUNGAU, S. G., Zengin, G., Kumar, A., El-Esawi, M. A., Khullar, G., Venkatachalam, T., & Arora, S. (2020) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118109 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
RetractedEicosanoid mediation of cannabinoid actions
BURSTEIN, S. H. (2019) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2019.05.018 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Paland, N., Hamza, H., Pechkovsky, A., Aswad, M., Shagidov, D., & Louria‐Hayon, I. (2023) · Rambam Maimonides Medical Journal · doi:10.5041/rmmj.10509 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Cannabinoids: Novel Therapies For Arthritis?
Dunn, S. L., Wilkinson, J. M., Crawford, A., Maitre, C. L. L., & Bunning, R. A. D. (2012) · Future Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.4155/fmc.12.20 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationXin, Y., Tang, A., Pan, S., & Zhang, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.793750 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Zhang, D., Zhang, G., Li, Z., & Li, B. (2018) · Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1177/1535370218757950 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Joint problems arising from lack of repair mechanisms: can cannabinoids help?
Małek, N., & Starowicz, K. (2018) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.14204 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Cannabinoid receptors are expressed in equine synovium and upregulated with synovitis
Miagkoff, L., Girard, C. A., St‐Jean, G., Richard, H., Beauchamp, G., & Laverty, S. (2022) · Equine Veterinary Journal · doi:10.1111/evj.13860 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Dall’Aglio, C., Polisca, A., Cappai, M. G., Mercati, F., Troisi, A., Pirino, C., Scocco, P., & Maranesi, M. (2017) · European Journal of Histochemistry · doi:10.4081/ejh.2017.2761 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Szmek, J., Englmaierová, M., Skřivan, M., & Pěchoučková, E. (2025) · British Poultry Science · doi:10.1080/00071668.2025.2489059 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Tissue Engineering of Cartilage; Can Cannabinoids Help?
Gowran, A., McKayed, K. K., Kanichai, M., White, C., Hammadi, N., & Campbell, V. A. (2010) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph3092970 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
The molecular bases of cannabinoid action in cancer
Fogli, S., & Breschi, M. C. (2008) · CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa) · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Therapeutic Effects of Non-Euphorigenic Cannabis Extracts in Osteoarthritis
Karuppagounder, V., Chung, J., Abdeen, A., Thompson, A., Bouboukas, A., Pinamont, W. J., Yoshioka, N. K., Sepúlveda, D. E., Raup‐Konsavage, W. M., Graziane, N., et al. (2022) · Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research · doi:10.1089/can.2021.0244 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Activation
Buch, S. J. (2013) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.08.003 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Francis, A., Erridge, S., Holvey, C., Coomber, R., Holden, W., Rucker, J., Platt, M. W., & Sodergren, M. H. (2024) · Journal of Pain & Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1080/15360288.2024.2340076 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Scholl, A., Ivanov, I., & Hinz, B. (2016) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.11367 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Cannabidiol Is a Potential Inhibitor of Ferroptosis in Human Articular Chondrocytes
Wipplinger, A., Bekric, D., Ablinger, C., Kittl, M., Mayr, C., Ritter, M., Winklmayr, M., & Jakab, M. (2025) · Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1111/jcmm.70592 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Klawitter, J., Clauw, A. D., Seifert, J. A., Klawitter, J., Tompson, B., Sempio, C., Ingram, S., Christians, U., & Moreland, L. W. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26125707 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Tan, R., & Cao, L. (2018) · International Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.3892/ijmm.2018.3687 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Han, L., Yang, L. F., Liu, B., & Cheng, X. (2014) · European Food Research and Technology · doi:10.1007/s00217-014-2302-0 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Influence of the Synthetic Cannabinoid Agonist on Normal and Inflamed Cartilage: An In Vitro Study
Shang, J., Hines, S. E., Makarczyk, M. J., Lin, H., Hogan, M. V., & Yan, A. Y. (2023) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom13101502 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Onu, I., Buculei, I., Ionescu, C. G., Stanca, D. N., Voicu, B., & Iordan, D. A. (2023) · BRAIN BROAD RESEARCH IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE · doi:10.18662/brain/14.2/456 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Moustafa, R. K., Yacoub, M. F. Y., Mahmoud, H., & Abdelhalim, M. O. (2022) · Journal Of Advanced Pharmacy Education And Research · doi:10.51847/3q4vokmhw7 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Cannabinoids: new friends in bone fracture and in joint disease prevention?
Palmini, G., Marini, F., Giusti, F., Donati, S., Aurilia, C., Falsetti, I., Zonefrati, R., Galli, G., Iantomasi, T., & Brandi, M. L. (2022) · International Journal of Bone Fragility · doi:10.57582/ijbf.220203.084 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Changes of endocannabinoid plasma levels following type I trauma
von Heimendahl, J. (2012)
Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissues
Dedam, J.-P. H., Fogel, M., & Fogel, E. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-87484-0_8
Vanderboom, K., Boddington, K. F., Crosbie, M., Bettger, W. J., & Pearson, W. (2026) · Frontiers in Natural Products · doi:10.3389/fntpr.2026.1862027
Tombultürk, F. K., Dedeakayoğulları, H., Seven, Z. G. T., & Uyanık, K. Ç. P. (2026) · Inflammopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s10787-026-02372-6
- Authors
- Mbvundula, E. C., Bunning, R. A. D., & Rainsford, K. D.
- Affiliations
- Sheffield Hallam University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Rainsford, K D
- Venue
- Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2006-03-01
- Volume
- 58
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 351-358
- ISSN
- 0022-3573 (ISSN-L)
- 2042-7158
- OpenAlex
- W2110108812
- Cited by
- 59
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 1.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
- Locations
- Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- SHURA (Sheffield Hallam University Research Archive) (Sheffield Hallam University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Osteoarthritis Treatment and Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Inflammatory mediators and NSAID effects
- Keywords
- cannabinoids, HU-210, WIN 55,212-2, interleukin-1 alpha, articular chondrocytes, proteoglycan degradation, collagen degradation, prostaglandin E2, cannabinoid receptors, CB1 receptor, CB2, cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, NF-κB, osteoarthritis, anti-inflammatory activity
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cartilage, Cartilage, Articular, Cattle, Cells, Cultured, Collagen, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Extracellular Matrix, Interleukin-1, Morpholines, Naphthalenes, Proteoglycans, Stereoisomerism, Dronabinol, Dinoprostone, Chondrocytes, Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1, Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2, Benzoxazines, Cyclooxygenase 1, Cyclooxygenase 2, In Vitro Techniques
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
