The DOI matches its Crossref record; 37 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Individual dopaminergic neurons show raised iron levels in Parkinson disease
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: Evidence suggests that abnormal iron metabolism is associated with Parkinson disease (PD), with raised iron levels found in pathologically affected areas in PD. It is unknown if this elevated iron is actually associated with neurons or reactive glia, and we therefore addressed this issue by determining if raised iron was present in single dopaminergic neurons. METHODS: We used unfixed frozen sections from postmortem tissue of PD patients and elderly normal individuals to avoid metal contamination and translocation. Levels of iron and other elements were measured using sensitive and specific wavelength dispersive electron probe x-ray microanalysis coupled with cathodoluminescence spectroscopy in individual substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons. RESULTS: We identified raised intraneuronal iron in single defined substantia nigra neurons in PD (mean neuronal iron 2,838 vs 1,611, p < 0.0001) but not in other movement disorders such as Huntington disease. These findings were unrelated to the density of remaining neurons. CONCLUSIONS: Primary changes in neuronal iron could lead to neurodegeneration in Parkinson disease.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Recently, HIF-2α knockout mice were shown to have impaired mitochondrial respiration, sensitized mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, and reduced activity of aconitase, because of marked reduction of frataxin mRNA expression in HIF-2α−/−livers (224).”
From Intracellular iron transport and storage: from molecular mechanisms to health implications (2008) · cites this paper as [224]
In the citing paper
“Indeed, HIF-2α, but not HIF-1α, specifically activated an HRE that is located ∼2 kb upstream from the transcription-initiation site of the mouse frataxin gene (224).”
From Intracellular iron transport and storage: from molecular mechanisms to health implications (2008) · cites this paper as [224]
Citations
Cites
Mutation in the α-Synuclein Gene Identified in Families with Parkinson's Disease
Polymeropoulos, M. H., Lavedan, C., Leroy, E., Ide, S. E., Dehejia, A., Dutra, A., Pike, B., Root, H., Rubenstein, J., Boyer, R., et al. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.276.5321.2045 · Cited by 8,240
Mutations in the parkin gene cause autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism
Kitada, T., Asakawa, S., Hattori, N., Matsumine, H., Yamamura, Y., Minoshima, S., Yokochi, M., Mizuno, Y., & Shimizu, N. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/33416 · Cited by 5,227
AlaSOPro mutation in the gene encoding α-synuclein in Parkinson's disease
Krüger, R., Kuhn, W., Müller, T., Woitalla, D., Graeber, M., Kösel, S., Przuntek, H., Epplen, J. T., Schols, L., & Riess, O. (1998) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng0298-106 · Cited by 3,836
Mitochondrial DNA mutations in human disease
Taylor, R. W., & Turnbull, D. M. (2005) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg1606 · Cited by 1,922
The ubiquitin pathway in Parkinson's disease
Leroy, E., Boyer, R., Auburger, G. W. J., Leube, B., Ulm, G., Mezey, É., Harta, G., Brownstein, M., Jonnalagada, S., Chernova, T., et al. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/26652 · Cited by 1,599
Bender, A., Krishnan, K. J., Morris, C. M., Taylor, G. A., Reeve, A. K., Perry, R. H., Jaros, E., Hersheson, J. S., Betts, J., Klopstock, T., et al. (2006) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng1769 · Cited by 1,570
Self-citationThe effect of age on the non-haemin iron in the human brain
Hallgren, B., & Sourander, P. (1958) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1958.tb12607.x · Cited by 1,427
Metal-triggered Structural Transformations, Aggregation, and Fibrillation of Human α-Synuclein
Uversky, V. N., Li, J., & Fink, A. L. (2001) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m105343200 · Cited by 1,103
A novel pantothenate kinase gene (PANK2) is defective in Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome
Zhou, B., Westaway, S. K., Levinson, B., Johnson, M., Gitschier, J. M., & Hayflick, S. J. (2001) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng572 · Cited by 756
Genetic, Clinical, and Radiographic Delineation of Hallervorden–Spatz Syndrome
Hayflick, S. J., Westaway, S. K., Levinson, B., Zhou, B., Johnson, M., Ching, K. H. L., & Gitschier, J. M. (2003) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa020817 · Cited by 713
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Mikhailova A, Davidson M, Channel JET, Guyodo Y, Batich C, Dobson J. Detection, identification and mapping of iron anomalies in brain tissue using x-ray absorption spectroscopy. J Roy Soc Interface 2005;2:33–37.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–102 of 102
Dose- and time-dependent α-synuclein aggregation induced by ferric iron in SK-N-SH cells
Li, W.-J., Jiang, H., Song, N., & Xie, J.-X. (2010) · Neuroscience Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s12264-010-1117-7 · Cited by 41
Biallelic mutations in FDXR cause neurodegeneration associated with inflammation
Slone, J., Peng, Y., Chamberlin, A., Harris, B., Kaylor, J., McDonald, M. T., Lemmon, M., El-Dairi, M. A., Tchapyjnikov, D., Gonzalez-Krellwitz, L. A., et al. (2018) · Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1038/s10038-018-0515-y · Cited by 37
Metadata
- Authors
- Oakley, A. E., Collingwood, J. F., Dobson, J., Love, G., Perrott, H. R., Edwardson, J. A., Elstner, M., & Morris, C. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Bath (GB)
- Venue
- Neurology
- Published
- 2007-05-22
- Volume
- 68
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- 1820-1825
- ISSN
- 0028-3878 (ISSN-L)
- 1526-632X
- OpenAlex
- W2100919899
- Cited by
- 273
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 11.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)
- Funders
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/D066654/1)
- National Institute on Aging (R01 AG 02030-01)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological diseases and metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Iron Metabolism and Disorders
- Keywords
- Parkinson's disease, dopaminergic neurons, substantia nigra, iron metabolism, neurodegeneration, Huntington's disease, reactive glia
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Brain Chemistry, Cell Count, Dopamine, Electron Probe Microanalysis, Ferritins, Humans, Iron, Middle Aged, Neuroglia, Neurons, Parkinson Disease, Predictive Value of Tests, Spectrum Analysis, Substantia Nigra, Biomarkers, Up-Regulation, Iron Metabolism Disorders, Neuropil
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
