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Reactive microglia are positive for HLA‐DR in the substantia nigra of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease brains
Abstract
We detected large numbers of HLA-DR-positive reactive microglia (macrophages), along with Lewy bodies and free melanin, in the substantia nigra of all cases studied with Parkinson's disease (5) and parkinsonism with dementia (PD) (5). We found similar, but less extensive, pathology in the substantia nigra of six of nine cases of dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) but in only one of 11 age-matched nonneurologic cases. All dementia cases with a premortem diagnosis of DAT or PD showed large numbers of HLA-DR-positive reactive microglia and significant plaque and tangle counts in the hippocampus, as well as reduced cortical choline acetyltransferase activity. One of 11 nondemented controls showed mild evidence of similar cortical pathology. These data indicate that HLA-DR-positive reactive microglia are a sensitive index of neuropathologic activity. They suggest a frequent coexistence of DAT- and Parkinson-type pathology in elderly patients.
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In the citing paper
“Early evidence revealed the presence of reactive microglia expressing Histocompatibility Leukocyte Antigen DR-Isotype (HLA-DR) in the SNpc of human post mortem brain tissue [6].”
From Intrastriatal injection of preformed alpha-synuclein fibrils alters central and peripheral immune cell profiles in non-transgenic mice (2019) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“Reactive microglia expressing HLA-DR are abundant in the substantia nigra of PD patients60.”
From Microglia in neurodegeneration (2018) · cites this paper as [60]
In the citing paper
“In 1988, reactive microglia were first observed in the substantia nigra (SN) of postmortem brain tissue from PD patients.”
From Microglia in neurodegenerative diseases: mechanism and potential therapeutic targets (2023) · cites this paper as [210]
In the citing paper
“Intense microgliosis around extraneuronal neuromelanin (released by dying neurons) has been identified in the substantia nigra of patients with Parkinson’s disease.125,126”
From The role of iron in brain ageing and neurodegenerative disorders (2014) · cites this paper as [125]
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Metadata
- Authors
- McGeer, P. L., Itagaki, S., Boyes, B. E., & McGeer, E. G.
- Affiliations
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- Venue
- Neurology
- Published
- 1988-08
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1285-1285
- ISSN
- 0028-3878 (ISSN-L)
- 1526-632X
- OpenAlex
- W1974924674
- Cited by
- 2,990
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 98 · 2025: 130 · 2024: 148 · 2023: 148 · 2022: 175 · 2021: 159 · 2020: 159 · 2019: 129 · 2018: 131 · 2017: 93 · 2016: 108 · 2015: 111 · 2014: 120 · 2013: 116 · 2012: 127
- FWCI
- 10.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Keywords
- reactive microglia, HLA-DR, substantia nigra, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Lewy bodies, melanin, amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, choline acetyltransferase, hippocampus
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, Brain Chemistry, Dementia, Female, HLA-D Antigens, HLA-DR Antigens, Humans, Male, Melanins, Middle Aged, Neuroglia, Parkinson Disease, Substantia Nigra
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