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Mild cognitive impairment in the elderly: Predictors of dementia
Abstract
We conducted full diagnostic evaluations, including a comprehensive cognitive assessment battery, of a group of 32 elderly subjects with a clinically identified mild cognitive impairment and a group of 32 age-matched and education-matched normal subjects. The mildly impaired subjects performed significantly more poorly than the controls on tests of recent memory, remote memory, language function, concept formation, and visuospatial praxis. Follow-up evaluations of cognitive status 2 years later revealed clinically detectable cognitive decline relative baseline in 23 (72%) of the mildly impaired subjects. Several of the objective psychological tests accurately discriminated at baseline between the decliners and nondecliners in the mildly impaired group. Among the 20 mildly impaired subjects with no complicating conditions, 16 exhibited cognitive deterioration between baseline and follow-up. These results suggest that most elderly subjects with mild cognitive deficits, as determined by clinical evaluation and objective psychological testing, will manifest the progressive mental deterioration characteristic of dementia and that psychometric predictors can be used to distinguish between benign and more significant underlying disorders in mildly impaired elderly subjects.
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“This intermediate state has been termed mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and clinical criteria for this diagnosis have been suggested(1–3).”
From Rates of hippocampal atrophy correlate with change in clinical status in aging and AD (2000) · cites this paper as [3]
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Mura, T., Proust-Lima, C., Jacqmin-Gadda, H., Akbaraly, T. N., Touchon, J., Dubois, B., & Berr, C. (2014) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp-2013-305078 · Cited by 64
Perry, R. J., & Hodges, J. R. (2003) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02754.x · Cited by 65
Krinsky‐McHale, S. J., Devenny, D. A., Kittler, P. M., & Silverman, W. P. (2008) · American Journal on Mental Retardation · doi:10.1352/2008.113:369-386 · Cited by 69
“It is noteworthy that investigators have found that conversion rates increase to 40% to 60% when memory impairment is accompanied by decline in additional cognitive abilities (e.g., Bozoki et al., 2001; Flicker et al., 1991; Morris et al., 2001; Petersen, 2004; Petersen et al., 2001).”
BackgroundDougherty, J. H., Cannon, R. L., Nicholas, C. R. N., Hall, L., Hare, F., Carr, E. R., Dougherty, A., Janowitz, J., & Arunthamakun, J. (2010) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2010-1354 · Cited by 66
Mild Cognitive Impairment: Potential Pharmacological Treatment Options
Sherwin, B. B. (2000) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2000.tb04703.x · Cited by 67
Early Intervention Is Key to Successful Management of Alzheimer Disease
DeKosky, S. T. (2003) · Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders · doi:10.1097/00002093-200307004-00004 · Cited by 63
“In addition to studies on vitamin E, the use of Ginkgo biloba extracts, another antioxidant, may prove beneficial in the delay of progression of AD.49,50 Other agents that warrant attention are nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, estrogen, and glutamate receptor modulators.”
BackgroundInfluential
Metadata
- Authors
- Flicker, C., Ferris, S. H., & Reisberg, B.
- Affiliations
- NYU Langone Health (US)
- Venue
- Neurology
- Published
- 1991-07
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1006-1006
- ISSN
- 0028-3878 (ISSN-L)
- 1526-632X
- OpenAlex
- W2008180577
- Cited by
- 838
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 31
- FWCI
- 7.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01mh040410-02)
- National Institute on Aging (AG03051, R01AG003051)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH 40410)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer-related cognitive impairment studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Historical and Modern Theater Studies
- Keywords
- mild cognitive impairment, older adults, cognitive decline, dementia, memory impairment, language functions, concept formation, cognitive assessment, longitudinal follow-up
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aging, Cognition Disorders, Dementia, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Neuropsychological Tests, Prognosis, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
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