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Cited by 321Music Therapy and HealthNeuroscience and Music PerceptionAnesthesia and Pain Management

Music and Preoperative Anxiety: A Randomized, Controlled Study

Wang, Shu-Ming, Kulkarni, Lina, Dolev, Jackqulin, Kain, Zeev N.·2002·Anesthesia & Analgesia
DOI 10.1213/00000539-200206000-00021
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Abstract

UNLABELLED: Music may decrease the anxiety experienced by patients before surgery. Previous studies of this issue were hindered with multiple methodological problems. In this investigation, we examined this hypothesis while using a rigorous study design and objective outcome measures. Adult patients undergoing anesthesia and surgery were randomly assigned to two study groups. Subjects in Group 1 (n = 48) listened to a 30-min patient-selected music session, and subjects in Group 2 (n = 45) received no intervention. By using self-report validated behavioral (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) and physiological measures of anxiety (heart rate, blood pressure, and electrodermal activity and serum cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine), patients were evaluated before, during, and after administration of the intervention. We found that after intervention, subjects in the Music group reported significantly lower anxiety levels as compared with the Control group (F(1,91) = 15.4, P = 0.001). That is, the postintervention anxiety level of subjects in the Music group decreased by 16% as compared with the preintervention level, whereas the anxiety level of the Control group did not change significantly. Two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance performed for the electrodermal activity, blood pressure, heart rate, cortisol, and catecholamine data demonstrated no group difference and no time x group interaction (P = not significant). In conclusion, under the conditions of this study, patients who listened to music before surgery reported lower levels of state anxiety. Physiological outcomes did not differ, however, between the two study groups. IMPLICATIONS: Patients who listen to music of their choice during the preoperative period report less anxiety.

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  • A decrease in anxiety after listening to music is the most consistent finding reported in field studies with patients.

    “Indeed, a decrease in anxiety after listening to music is the most consistent findings reported in field studies with patients [22,37,38]”

    From The Effect of Music on the Human Stress Response (2013) · cites this paper as [37]

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Authors
Wang, S.-M., Kulkarni, L., Dolev, J., & Kain, Z. N.
Affiliations
  • Yale University (US)
  • Stanford Medicine (US)
Corresponding author
Wang, Shu-Ming
ORCID
Venue
Anesthesia & Analgesia
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published
2002-06
Volume
94
Issue
6
Pages
1489-1494
ISSN
0003-2999 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1213/00000539-200206000-00021
OpenAlex
W2041907551
Cited by
321
References
25
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 11
FWCI
19.03
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Anesthesia & Analgesia (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5r01hd037007-08)
  • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01 HD 37007-01)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Music Therapy and Health
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Music Perception
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Anesthesia and Pain Management
Keywords
music listening, preoperative anxiety, state anxiety, preoperative anxiety reduction, electrodermal activity, heart rate, blood pressure, cortisol, catecholamines, surgical patients, anesthesia
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Ambulatory Surgical Procedures, Anesthesia, Anxiety, Behavior, Blood Pressure, Catecholamines, Female, Galvanic Skin Response, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Music, Preoperative Care, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Treatment Outcome

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