Cited by 35Muscle Physiology and DisordersCell Adhesion Molecules ResearchDevelopmental Biology and Gene Regulation

The evolution of the dystroglycan complex, a major mediator of muscle integrity

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Adams, Josephine C., Brancaccio, Andrea·2015·Biology Open

Abstract

Basement membrane (BM) extracellular matrices are crucial for the coordination of different tissue layers. A matrix adhesion receptor that is important for BM function and stability in many mammalian tissues is the dystroglycan (DG) complex. This comprises the non-covalently-associated extracellular α-DG, that interacts with laminin in the BM, and the transmembrane β-DG, that interacts principally with dystrophin to connect to the actin cytoskeleton. Mutations in dystrophin, DG, or several enzymes that glycosylate α-DG underlie severe forms of human muscular dystrophy. Nonwithstanding the pathophysiological importance of the DG complex and its fundamental interest as a non-integrin system of cell-ECM adhesion, the evolution of DG and its interacting proteins is not understood. We analysed the phylogenetic distribution of DG, its proximal binding partners and key processing enzymes in extant metazoan and relevant outgroups. We identify that DG originated after the divergence of ctenophores from porifera and eumetazoa. The C-terminal half of the DG core protein is highly-conserved, yet the N-terminal region, that includes the laminin-binding region, has undergone major lineage-specific divergences. Phylogenetic analysis based on the C-terminal IG2_MAT_NU region identified three distinct clades corresponding to deuterostomes, arthropods, and mollusks/early-diverging metazoans. Whereas the glycosyltransferases that modify α-DG are also present in choanoflagellates, the DG-binding proteins dystrophin and laminin originated at the base of the metazoa, and DG-associated sarcoglycan is restricted to cnidarians and bilaterians. These findings implicate extensive functional diversification of DG within invertebrate lineages and identify the laminin-DG-dystrophin axis as a conserved adhesion system that evolved subsequent to integrin-ECM adhesion, likely to enhance the functional complexity of cell-BM interactions in early metazoans.

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Crossref · 10.1242/bio.012468

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Authors
Adams, J. C., & Brancaccio, A.
Affiliations
  • University of Bristol (GB)
  • Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (IT)
Corresponding author
Brancaccio, Andrea
Venue
Biology Open
Published
2015-08-28
Volume
4
Issue
9
Pages
1163-1179
ISSN
2046-6390 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2111808312
Cited by
35
References
94
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 5
FWCI
1.88
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Biology Open (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Explore Bristol Research (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Funders
University of Bristol
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Immunology and Allergy › Cell Adhesion Molecules Research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
Keywords
dystroglycan complex, basement membrane, laminin, dystrophin, sarcoglycans, glycosyltransferases, cell-matrix adhesion, muscular dystrophy, phylogenetic distribution, ctenophores, choanoflagellates

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