The origin of spicule-forming cells in a ‘primitive’ sea urchin (Eucidaris tribuloides) which appears to lack primary mesenchyme cells
Abstract
The calcareous larval skeleton of euechinoid sea urchins is synthesized by primary mesenchyme cells which ingress prior to gastrulation. In embryos of the cidaroid sea urchin Eucidaris tribuloides, no mesenchyme cells ingress before gastrulation, yet larvae later contain skeletons. This apparent paradox is resolved by immunochemical, cell lineage and morphological evidence showing that spicule-forming cells of Eucidaris are homologous to primary mesenchyme cells of euechinoids. In particular, these two cell types share expression of two cell lineage-specific gene products, are derived from the same cellular precursors, the micromeres, and undergo a similar migratory phase prior to skeletogenesis. Despite these similarities, there are far fewer spicule-forming cells in Eucidaris than in typical euechinoids and they assume a different pattern during spiculogenesis. The homology between Eucidaris spicule-forming cells and euechinoid primary mesenchyme cells indicates that a heterochrony in the time of spicule-forming cell ingression has occurred since the divergence of their respective lineages.
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The euechinoid skeletogenic micromere lineage and its embryonic skeletal structures are a derived euechinoid character that appeared in the euechinoid common ancestor probably not long after 250 mya.
“The euechinoid skeletogenic micromere lineage and its embryonic skeletal structures thus may be considered a derived euechinoid character that appeared in the euechinoid common ancestor probably not long after 250 mya.”
From Transfer of a large gene regulatory apparatus to a new developmental address in echinoid evolution (2008) · cites this paper as [4]
Among echinoderms, only modern sea urchins (euechinoids) generate a precociously specified embryonic micromere lineage that ingresses before gastrulation and then secretes the biomineral embryonic skeleton.
“Of the five echinoderm classes, only the modern sea urchins (euechinoids) generate a precociously specified embryonic micromere lineage that ingresses before gastrulation and then secretes the biomineral embryonic skeleton.”
From Transfer of a large gene regulatory apparatus to a new developmental address in echinoid evolution (2008) · cites this paper as [4]
The precocious expression of skeletogenic functions in the micromere lineage is a classic case of evolutionary heterochrony in which a complex function pleisiomorphically larval and adult and, in some primitive echinoids, late embryonic has been moved forward in the life cycle to the early embryonic period.
“The precocious expression of skeletogenic functions in the micromere lineage is a classic case of evolutionary heterochrony in which a complex function pleisiomorphically larval and adult and, in some primitive echinoids, late embryonic has been moved forward in the life cycle to the early embryonic period (4, 13).”
From Transfer of a large gene regulatory apparatus to a new developmental address in echinoid evolution (2008) · cites this paper as [4]
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Cell adhesion and cell signaling at gastrulation in the sea urchin
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Equalization of Cleavage Is Not Causally Responsible for Specification of Cell Lineage
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Comparative Developmental Transcriptomics of Echinoderms
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Barone, V., Byrne, M., & Lyons, D. C. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20496019
Barone, V., Byrne, M., & Lyons, D. C. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20496001
Barone, V., Byrne, M., & Lyons, D. C. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20496004
Barone, V., Byrne, M., & Lyons, D. C. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20496022
Barone, V., Byrne, M., & Lyons, D. C. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20496010
Barone, V., Byrne, M., & Lyons, D. C. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20496007
Barone, V., Byrne, M., & Lyons, D. C. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20496016
Barone, V., Byrne, M., & Lyons, D. C. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20496013
- Authors
- Wray, G. A., & Mcclay, D. R.
- Affiliations
- Duke University (US)
- Venue
- Development
- Publisher
- The Company of Biologists
- Published
- 1988-06-01
- Volume
- 103
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 305-315
- ISSN
- 0950-1991 (ISSN-L)
- 1477-9129
- OpenAlex
- W1892575185
- Cited by
- 93
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 1.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Development (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD14483)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Echinoderm biology and ecology
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Marine Invertebrate Physiology and Ecology
- Keywords
- Eucidaris tribuloides, primary mesenchyme, micromeres, spiculogenesis, larval skeleton, cell lineage, heterochrony
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Gastrula, Gene Expression Regulation, Mesoderm, Microscopy, Electron, Sea Urchins
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