Arrangement of subunits in flagellar microtubules
Abstract
ABSTRACT Electron micrographs of outer doublet tubules from flagella have been analysed by methods which make use of the computed diffraction patterns of electron-microscope images. Analysis of singlet A-tubules in the tips of flagella has led to a determination of the helical surface lattice of the A-subfibre, confirming that there are 13 longitudinal protofilaments in the tubule wall and that dimers in neighbouring protofilaments form a staggered arrangement, equivalent to the lattice with an axial periodicity of 8 · 0 nm predicted in earlier work. A low-resolution 3-dimensional image of the A-tubule has been reconstructed, which supports the evidence for an 8 · 0-nm-long heterodimer oriented along the protofilaments. The heterodimer is identified as a pair of 4 · 0-nm morphological units, which appear to be globular at this resolution. Filtered images have been obtained from doublet tubules which show that the B-subfibre is also made up of 8 · 0-nm dimers, but it differs from the A-tubule in that dimers in adjacent filaments are not in a staggered arrangement but are lined up obliquely at a shallow angle. Using the additional information about the hands of the lattices in the 2 subfibres which is presented in the accompanying paper, a model for the whole doublet has been proposed.
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In a 13 protofilament microtubule A-lattice, tubulin-tubulin sideways interactions occur between alpha and beta monomers, giving a seamless lattice and Fibonacci geometry that are optimal for quantum computing and preferred in Orch OR.
“In a 13 protofilament MT A-lattice, tubulin-tubulin sideways interaction occur between alpha monomer on one tubulin, and beta tubulin on the other (alpha-beta, and beta-alpha) [155].This gives a seamless lattice and Fibonacci geometry which are optimal for quantum computing, and preferred in Orch OR.”
From Consciousness in the universe (2014) · cites this paper as [155]
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- Authors
- Amos, L. A., & Klug, A.
- Affiliations
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology (GB)
- Venue
- Journal of Cell Science
- Publisher
- The Company of Biologists
- Published
- 1974-05-01
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 523-549
- ISSN
- 0021-9533 (ISSN-L)
- 1477-9137
- OpenAlex
- W1881571321
- Cited by
- 514
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 16.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Cell Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Structural Biology › Advanced Electron Microscopy Techniques and Applications
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Microtubule and mitosis dynamics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and Kidney Cyst Diseases
- Keywords
- flagellar microtubules, protofilaments, 3D reconstruction, flagellum ultrastructure
- MeSH terms
- Flagella, Microscopy, Electron, Microtubules, Models, Structural, Periodicity, Proteins, Surface Properties
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