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Cited by 641Philosophy and Theoretical ScienceBiofield Effects and BiophysicsQuantum Mechanics and Applications

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 110 of the 110 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Orchestrated reduction of quantum coherence in brain microtubules: A model for consciousness

Hameroff, Stuart, Penrose, Roger·1996·Mathematics and Computers in Simulation
DOI 10.1016/0378-4754(96)80476-9
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Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/0378-4754(96)80476-9

Cites

110 of 110 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Neural MTs are identified as the substrate of the quantum conscious process by the Orch OR theory because they appear to offer an ideal candidate medium for intracellular integration and adaptive responding.

    “Beyond that, neural MTs are identified as the substrate of the quantum conscious process by the Orch OR theory (Penrose and Hameroff 1995, Hameroff and Penrose 1996, 2014, Hameroff 2021) because they appear to offer an ideal candidate medium for intracellular integration and adaptive responding.”

    From A quantum microtubule substrate of consciousness is experimentally supported and solves the binding and epiphenomenalism problems (2025) · cites this paper as Hameroff and Penrose 1996

  • Penrose and Hameroff responded to Grush and Churchland by explaining that colchicine does not cross the blood brain barrier, so it does not reach the brain, and that brain neurons do not disassemble and reassemble anyway.

    “Penrose and Hameroff [12] responded point-by-point to every objection, e.g.explaining that colchicine does not cross the blood brain barrier, and so doesn't reach the brain, and that brain neurons don't disassemble/re-assemble anyway.”

    From Consciousness in the universe (2014) · cites this paper as [12]

  • MTs have been proposed to process information, encode memory, and mediate consciousness.

    “MTs have also been proposed to process information, encode memory, and mediate consciousness (S. R. Hameroff et al., 1982; S. Hameroff and Penrose, 1996; S. Hameroff, 2022).”

    From Microtubule-stabilizer epothilone B delays anesthetic-induced unconsciousness in rats (2024) · cites this paper as S. Hameroff and Penrose, 1996

  • Another class of quantum model understands consciousness in terms of physical vibrational states of MTs in neurons.

    “In contrast, another class of quantum model understands consciousness in terms of physical vibrational states of MTs in neurons (S. Hameroff and Penrose, 1996, 2014; Craddock et al., 2017; S. Hameroff, 2022).”

    From Microtubule-stabilizer epothilone B delays anesthetic-induced unconsciousness in rats (2024) · cites this paper as S. Hameroff and Penrose, 1996

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Engelborghs, 1992, Dynamic aspects of the conformational states of tubulin and microtubules, Nanobiology, 1, 97
  2. Sataric, 1992, A model of the energy transfer mechanisms in microtubules involving a single soliton, Nanobiology, 445

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Metadata

Authors
Hameroff, S., & Penrose, R.
Affiliations
  • University of Arizona (US)
  • University of Oxford (GB)
Corresponding author
Hameroff, Stuart
ORCID
Hameroff, Stuart
Venue
Mathematics and Computers in Simulation
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
1996-04
Volume
40
Issue
3-4
Pages
453-480
ISSN
0378-4754 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/0378-4754(96)80476-9
OpenAlex
W2164333417
Semantic Scholar
e73054e11d4555f7bbca1cafa1731e2aa494c582
Cited by
641
References
110
Citations by year
2026: 52 · 2025: 62 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 32
FWCI
10.17
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (publishedVersion)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Philosophy and Theoretical Science
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Biofield Effects and Biophysics
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum Mechanics and Applications
Keywords
Orchestrated Objective Reduction, consciousness, quantum coherence, microtubules, objective reduction, Penrose, quantum gravity, microtubule-associated proteins, quantum consciousness, spacetime geometry, neuronal activity, synaptic function, brain information processing, quantum superposition, decoherence

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