Practical techniques for assessing body composition in middle-aged and older adults
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the relationships of anthropometric, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and near infrared interactance (NIR) measurements with a multiple-component (MC) criterion estimate of body composition derived from body density (D), body water (W), and bone mineral (B) in 48 white adults aged 49-80 yr. Relative errors of predicting the MC criterion from the practical measurements were determined by simple regressions within gender and calculated as the SEE divided by the criterion mean and expressed as a percentage. Relative errors were lowest for the BIA variable, height2/resistance (4.8-5.0%), higher for body mass index and the sum of 10 skinfold thicknesses (7.0-14.5%), and highest for NIR-derived optical density readings at the biceps and the sum of 10 sites (10.8-15.8%). Due to the low relative prediction error for height2/resistance, sex-specific BIA formulas for estimating fat-free mass from D, W, and B (FFM-DWB) were developed. The SEEs for predicting FFM-DWB from BIA, weight, and age were both 1.5 kg in women and men. Because BIA is not limited to ambulatory subjects, it is concluded that BIA may be a particularly useful, practical technique for estimating body composition in older adults.
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Concerns with applicability were high in 19 studies.
“Concerns with applicability were high in 19 studies [37, 42–59] and unclear [41, 50, 60–69] in 12 studies due to the restricted sample size.”
From High-standard predictive equations for estimating body composition using bioelectrical impedance analysis: a systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as [49]
Three equations for elderly are for assessing FFM in females only.
“Two different equations are available to determine FM in males and females [53], while there are two equations for assessing FFM in males [36, 49], three in females only [36, 49, 97], and five suitable for both sexes [89, 91].”
From High-standard predictive equations for estimating body composition using bioelectrical impedance analysis: a systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as [49]
The selected elderly studies encompassed Central and Southern American, European, and Asian male and female participants.
“The selected studies encompassed Central[36, 38, 49] and Southern American [46, 67], European [53, 63, 89–91, 93, 95, 97], and Asian [68, 94] male and female participants.”
From High-standard predictive equations for estimating body composition using bioelectrical impedance analysis: a systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as [49]
Two equations for elderly are for assessing FFM in males.
“Two different equations are available to determine FM in males and females [53], while there are two equations for assessing FFM in males [36, 49], three in females only [36, 49, 97], and five suitable for both sexes [89, 91].”
From High-standard predictive equations for estimating body composition using bioelectrical impedance analysis: a systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as [49]
Concerning foot-to-hand technology for elderly, four predictive equations are suitable for females only.
“Concerning foot-to-hand technology, three predictive equations were suitable for males [36, 49, 53] and four for females only [36, 49, 53, 97], while thirteen equations suitable for both sexes [38, 46, 63, 67, 89–93, 95].”
From High-standard predictive equations for estimating body composition using bioelectrical impedance analysis: a systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as [49]
Concerning foot-to-hand technology for elderly, three predictive equations are suitable for males.
“Concerning foot-to-hand technology, three predictive equations were suitable for males [36, 49, 53] and four for females only [36, 49, 53, 97], while thirteen equations suitable for both sexes [38, 46, 63, 67, 89–93, 95].”
From High-standard predictive equations for estimating body composition using bioelectrical impedance analysis: a systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as [49]
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Campa, F., Coratella, G., Cerullo, G., Noriega, Z., Francisco, R., Charrier, D., Irurtia, A., Lukaski, H., Silva, A. M., & Paoli, A. (2024) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-024-05272-x · Cited by 80 · see citing works
“Out of the 26 available equations, 23 were developed with foot to hand technology [36, 38, 46, 49, 53, 63, 67, 89–93, 95, 97], while three equations were developed using segmental technology [68, 94].”
BackgroundMethodKanellakis, S., Skoufas, E., Karaglani, E., Ziogos, G., Koutroulaki, A., Loukianou, F., Michalopoulou, M., Gkeka, A., Marikou, F., & Manios, Y. (2020) · Clinical Nutrition ESPEN · doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.01.003 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
- Authors
- WILLIAMS, D. P., GOING, S. B., MILLIKEN, L. A., HALL, M. C., & LOHMAN, T. G.
- Affiliations
- University of Arizona (US)
- Venue
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
- Published
- 1995-05
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 776???783
- ISSN
- 0195-9131 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2042354930
- Cited by
- 28
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 0.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (1r29ag006810-01)
- National Institute on Aging (AG-06810)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (T32HL007034, HL 07034)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
- Keywords
- body composition assessment, middle-aged and older adults, bioelectrical impedance analysis, near-infrared interactance, anthropometry, skinfold thickness, body mass index, body density, total body water, bone mineral, prediction error
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anthropometry, Body Composition, Female, Humans, Infrared Rays, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Statistical, Likelihood Functions, Electric Impedance
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