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Relationship of Television Time with Accelerometer-Derived Sedentary Time: NHANES
Open accessAbstract
PURPOSE: To examine the relationship of self-reported television (TV) viewing time with accelerometer-derived total sedentary time and to determine whether it differs by subgroup. METHODS: Using data for adults (≥20 yr) from the 2003-2004 and 2005-2006 nationally representative US National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES; n=5738), linear regression models examined the associations of categories of self-reported TV viewing time (<1, 1, 2, 3, 4, and >5 h·d) with accelerometer-derived sedentary time (<100 counts per minute; h·d). Spearman ρ assessed the correlation between participants' rankings on the two measures. Analyses were stratified by gender, age, race/ethnicity, and, in the 2003-2004 NHANES cycle, by work status among working-aged adults (20-65 yr, n=2069). RESULTS: TV viewing time was significantly associated with sedentary time, with positive associations for all gender, age, race/ethnicity groups, and for those not working or working part-time, but not for those in full-time work. However, correlations between rankings of the measures were only "fair" overall (ρ=0.22) and were similar for all gender and racial/ethnic groups and for those of mid- and older age but not for those of younger age (20-39 yr, ρ=0.05). In the working-aged subgroup, there was also a fair correlation between the measures for those not working (ρ=0.22) but no significant correlation for those in part-time (ρ=0.14) or full-time work (ρ=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Associations of TV viewing time with accelerometer-derived total sedentary time were statistically significant, but correlations were of only fair magnitude, and the strength of the relationship was not consistent across all population subgroups. These findings suggest that TV viewing time has an influence on overall sedentary time at a population level; however, measurement of sedentary time in other domains is also important.
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“Fifty six percent of the older population report watching over 2 h of TV per day, 54.2% report over 3 h and 15.1% report over 4 h.”
From Prevalence of Sedentary Behavior in Older Adults: A Systematic Review (2013) · cites this paper as [34]
In the citing paper
“Fifty six percent of the older population report watching over 2 h of TV per day, 54.2% report over 3 h and 15.1% report over 4 h.”
From Prevalence of Sedentary Behavior in Older Adults: A Systematic Review (2013) · cites this paper as [34]
In the citing paper
“Fifty six percent of the older population report watching over 2 h of TV per day, 54.2% report over 3 h and 15.1% report over 4 h.”
From Prevalence of Sedentary Behavior in Older Adults: A Systematic Review (2013) · cites this paper as [34]
In the citing paper
“A study comparing self-reported TV viewing time with accelerometer-assessed sedentary time among a representative sample of US adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey yielded a correlation of only 0.22, indicating low agreement.[22]”
From Using accelerometers to measure physical activity in large-scale epidemiological studies: issues and challenges (2014) · cites this paper as [22]
In the citing paper
“It is unclear how well self-reported TV/screen time reflects total sedentary time.”
From Using accelerometers to measure physical activity in large-scale epidemiological studies: issues and challenges (2014) · cites this paper as [22]
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Owen, N. G., Sugiyama, T., Eakin, E., Gardiner, P. A., Tremblay, M. S., & Sallis, J. F. (2011) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2011.05.013 · Cited by 944
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Prevalence of Sedentary Behavior in Older Adults: A Systematic Review
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BackgroundInfluentialLee, I.-M., & Shiroma, E. J. (2014) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2013-093154 · Cited by 415
Gorman, E., Hanson, H. M., Yang, P. H., Khan, K., Liu-Ambrose, T. Y. L., & Ashe, M. C. (2013) · European Review of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1007/s11556-013-0132-x · Cited by 362
“[ 13 ], U SA (N H A N E S 20 03 –2 00 4”
Tudor-Locke, C. E., Camhi, S. M., & Troiano, R. P. (2012) · Preventing Chronic Disease · doi:10.5888/pcd9.110332 · Cited by 319
Stamatakis, E., Ekelund, U., Ding, D., Hamer, M., Bauman, A. E., & Lee, I.-M. (2019) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2018-099131 · Cited by 284
“The largest (n=5738) such study to date examined the correlation of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) TV time questions 51 with waist accelerometry-estimated SB but found weak (rho=0.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialChen, X., Hong, X., Gao, W., Luo, S., Cai, J., Liu, G., & Huang, Y. (2022) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-022-03407-6 · Cited by 233
“Intriguingly, leisure television watching causally increased COVID-19 hospitalization and severity rate, which was in accordance with multiple investigations that recognized television watching as the main leisuretime associated sedentary behavior [43].”
ResultSedentary behavior: Understanding and influencing adults' prolonged sitting time
Owen, N. (2012) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.08.024 · Cited by 187
Self-citationCommuting Distance, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Metabolic Risk
Hoehner, C. M., Barlow, C. E., Allen, P. M., & Schootman, M. (2012) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2012.02.020 · Cited by 196
van de Vegte, Y. J., Said, M. A., Rienstra, M., van der Harst, P., & Verweij, N. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-15553-w · Cited by 145
Maher, C. A., Mire, E. F., Harrington, D. M., Staiano, A. E., & Katzmarzyk, P. T. (2013) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.20430 · Cited by 147
“However, research examining this assumption has shown that TV time and total sedentary time are actually only weakly correlated, suggesting that measurement of overall sedentary time is also important (8).”
BackgroundSpittaels, H., Cauwenberghe, E. V., Verbestel, V., Meester, F. D., Dyck, D. V., Verloigne, M., Haerens, L. L., Deforche, B. I., Cardon, G., & Bourdeaudhuij, I. D. (2012) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-9-149 · Cited by 149
“However, it has been shown that a hip-mounted accelerometer, measuring accelerations in the vertical plane, cannot correctly make the distinction between sitting and standing still [27].”
BackgroundWijndaele, K., Brage, S., Besson, H., Khaw, K.-T., Sharp, S. J., Luben, R., Bhaniani, A., Wareham, N. J., & Ekelund, U. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0020058 · Cited by 117
Keadle, S. K., Libertine, A., STAUDENMAYER, J. W., & Freedson, P. S. (2011) · Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1155/2012/282303 · Cited by 123
“Furthermore, while TV viewing is correlated with sedentary time among unemployed individuals, it is not for those who are employed suggesting that TV viewing may be a poor surrogate measure for overall sedentary time [19].”
BackgroundHamer, M., Mika Kivimaki, B., & Steptoe, A. (2012) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech-2011-200505 · Cited by 116
“A recent study using data from NHANES indicated weak but significant associations between self-reported TV viewing time with accelerometer-derived total sedentary time, although the associations were not significant in the working population.(35) Thus, given that the majority of the present sample was in employment at…”
ResultHusu, P., Suni, J. H., Vähä‐Ypyä, H., Sievänen, H. T., Tokola, K., Valkeinen, H., Mäki-Opas, T. E., & Vasankari, T. J. (2016) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3591-y · Cited by 107
Prevalence of low back pain by anatomic location and intensity in an occupational population
Thiese, M. S., Hegmann, K. T., Wood, E. M., Garg, A., Moore, J. S., Kapellusch, J. M., Foster, J., & Ott, U. (2014) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/1471-2474-15-283 · Cited by 98
“While younger and healthier than the general population, this dataset is similar to other occupational cohorts in age and proportion of chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease, smoking, body mass index [27-32,65-70].”
BackgroundResultHolle, V. V., Cauwenberg, J. V., Bourdeaudhuij, I. D., Deforche, B. I., de Weghe, N. V., & Dyck, D. V. (2016) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph13060569 · Cited by 97
“, higher risk for metabolic syndrome, less favorable levels of cardio metabolic biomarkers [5]), which may even occur independently of whether or not people are sufficiently active [6,7].”
BackgroundKim, Y., Welk, G. J., Braun, S. I., & Kang, M. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0118078 · Cited by 94
“For example, one widely used approach to describe sedentary time from Actigraph accelerometer data is to count every single minute where activity counts are less than the threshold for SB [10–14].”
MethodChronic disease and sitting time in middle-aged Australian males: findings from the 45 and Up Study
George, E. S., Rosenkranz, R. R., & Kolt, G. S. (2013) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-10-20 · Cited by 97
“television viewing), however, it has been demonstrated that television viewing time is not necessarily representative of overall sedentary time [21,22].”
BackgroundIssues and Challenges in Sedentary Behavior Measurement
Kang, M., & Rowe, D. A. (2015) · Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science · doi:10.1080/1091367x.2015.1055566 · Cited by 95
“, 2009), the majority of studies that examined objectively measured sedentary behavior using accelerometers have used a 1-min bout as the minimum length of duration for valid sedentary minutes (Clark et al., 2011; Healy, Matthews, Dunstan, Winkler, & Owen, 2011; Maher, Mire, Harrington, Staiano, & Katzmarzyk, 2013).”
Visser, M., & Koster, A. (2013) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/1471-2318-13-80 · Cited by 88
“22 between TV viewing time and accelerometer-derived sedentary time among 5738 adults aged 20 years and older [22].”
BackgroundRosique-Esteban, N., Díaz‐López, A., Martínez‐González, M. Á., Corella, D., Goday, A., Martínez, J. A., Romaguera, D., Vioqué, J., Arós, F., García‐Ríos, A., et al. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0172253 · Cited by 74
“Because TV time is the most prevalent sedentary behavior, for which previous investigations among aged population have suggested to fairly capture total sedentary time [34] and to consistently associate to higher risk of various cardiometabolic risk factors and cardiovascular mortality in a dose-response fashion [8],…”
Wijndaele, K., Orrow, G., Ekelund, U., Sharp, S. J., Brage, S., Griffin, S. J., & Simmons, R. K. (2013) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-013-3102-y · Cited by 78
“A study in adults aged ≥60 years [36], who on average watched more television than younger age groups, showed stronger associations between television viewing and objectively measured sedentary time compared with younger age groups [43].”
John, D., Morton, A. L., ARGUELLO, D. J., Lyden, K. A., & Bassett, D. R. (2018) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s18041206 · Cited by 74
Objective and subjective measurement of sedentary behavior in human adults: A toolkit
Aunger, J. A., & Wagnild, J. M. (2020) · American Journal of Human Biology · doi:10.1002/ajhb.23546 · Cited by 76
“For example, television time is often used as a proxy for total sedentary time and this is problematic because these two constructs are only weakly correlated (Clark et al., 2011; Clark et al., 2015; Wagnild & Pollard, 2020).”
BackgroundStamatakis, E., Coombs, N. A., Rowlands, A. V., Shelton, N. J., & Hillsdon, M. M. (2014) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006034 · Cited by 67
“In a recent US study comparing associations between TV time and objectively measured ST, associations were of fair magnitude, but were not consistent across population subgroups.(18) The results of the few studies that looked at overall (selfreported) sitting in relation to SEP are inconsistent.”
ResultJefferis, B. J. M. H., Sartini, C., Ash, S., LENNON, L. T., Wannamethee, S. G., & Whincup, P. H. (2016) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-016-0338-1 · Cited by 62
“As seen in other studies [29, 30], accelerometers recorded much more SB time than either the self-reported total SB score (including reading, car and computer use) or just TV score.”
ResultExercise and type 2 diabetes: New prescription for an old problem
Bird, S. R., & Hawley, J. A. (2012) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2012.05.015 · Cited by 66
Verbestel, V., Henauw, S. D., Bammann, K., Barba, G., Hadjigeorgiou, C. A., Eiben, G., Konstabel, K., Kovács, E., Pitsiladis, Y. P., Reisch, L. A., et al. (2014) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s136898001400086x · Cited by 58
Cauwenberg, J. V., Donder, L. D., Clarys, P., Bourdeaudhuij, I. D., Owen, N. G., Dury, S., Witte, N. D., Buffel, T., Verté, D., & Deforche, B. I. (2014) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.2013-0015 · Cited by 62
Childhood correlates of adult TV viewing time: a 32-year follow-up of the 1970 British Cohort Study
Smith, L., Gardner, B., & Hamer, M. (2014) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech-2014-204365 · Cited by 58
Fragoso, C. A. V., Beavers, D. P., Hankinson, J., Flynn, G. M., Berra, K. A., Kritchevsky, S. B., Liu, C., McDermott, M. M., Manini, T. M., Rejeski, W. J., et al. (2014) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.12738 · Cited by 56
“Sedentary time was defined as percentage of wear time with activity counts <100/min averaged across days.(25) Participants who were in the highest quartile were classified as having high sedentary time.”
BackgroundVerloigne, M., Lippevelde, W. V., Maes, L., Yildirim, M., Chinapaw, M. J. M., Μanios, Y., Androutsos, O., Kovacs, E., Bringolf‐Isler, B., Brug, J., et al. (2012) · European Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/eurpub/cks047 · Cited by 57
Garcia, J. M., Duran, A. T., Schwartz, J. E., Booth, J. N., Hooker, S. P., Willey, J. Z., Cheung, Y. K., Park, C., Williams, S. K., Sims, M., et al. (2019) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.118.010406 · Cited by 54
“This is a modified version of the Baecke physical activity survey, with the goal of improving the measurement of physical activity in blacks.(19,20) Television viewing was assessed by the single item, “During the past year, how often did you watch television?” Response options included the following: “<1 hour a week”,…”
MethodSedentary Behaviors and Emerging Cardiometabolic Biomarkers in Adolescents
Martínez‐Gómez, D., Eisenmann, J. C., Healy, G. N., Gómez‐Martínez, S., Díaz, L. E., Dunstan, D. W., Veiga, Ó. L., & Marcos, A. (2011) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2011.06.037 · Cited by 57
“In addition, sedentary time was not associated with TV viewing time, which is similar to earlier studies.(33) Therefore, this finding further supports that TV viewing time cannot be used as a marker of a broader pattern of sedentary behavior in youth.”
ResultWallmann-Sperlich, B., Bucksch, J., Schneider, S. O., & Froboese, I. (2014) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-1259 · Cited by 53
Television Viewing, Physical Activity, and Loneliness in Late Life
Fingerman, K. L., Kim, Y. K., Ng, Y. T., Zhang, S., Huo, M. L., & Birditt, K. S. (2021) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gnab120 · Cited by 51
Shibata, A., Oka, K., Sugiyama, T., Ding, D., Salmon, J., Dunstan, D. W., & Owen, N. G. (2015) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-015-0208-2 · Cited by 52
“Considering that TV viewing time better reflects total sedentary time in non-working adults than working adults [38], improving perceptions for access to neighbourhood parks and recreational facilities might be effective for reducing indoor sedentary behaviour among non-working older adults.”
BackgroundWinnard, A., Scott, J., Waters, N., Vance, M., & Caplan, N. (2019) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.01046 · Cited by 47
Time Spent Sitting as an Independent Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease
Henschel, B., Gorczyca, A. M., & Chomistek, A. K. (2017) · American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine · doi:10.1177/1559827617728482 · Cited by 54
Correlates of Total and domain-specific Sedentary behavior: a cross-sectional study in Dutch adults
Bakker, E. A., Hopman, M. T. E., Lee, D.-C., Verbeek, A. L. M., Thijssen, D. H. J., & Eijsvogels, T. M. H. (2020) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-020-8316-6 · Cited by 47
Dillon, K., Morava, A., Harry Prapavessis, A., Grigsby‐Duffy, L., Nović, A., & Gardiner, P. A. (2022) · Sports Medicine - Open · doi:10.1186/s40798-022-00507-x · Cited by 48
“This is problematic as we know that television viewing is a poor proxy of overall sedentary time [27].”
BackgroundPatterns of Weekday and Weekend Sedentary Behavior Among Older Adults
Marshall, S. J., Kerr, J., Carlson, J., Cadmus‐Bertram, L., Patterson, R. E., Wasilenko, K., Crist, K., Rosenberg, D. E., & Natarajan, L. (2014) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.2013-0208 · Cited by 42
“Evidence suggests that combining self-reported sedentary and light intensity PA improves validity (Barwais, Cuddihy, Washington, Tomson, & Brymer, 2013), and previous-day recall of sedentary time is preferable to longer recall periods (Clark et al., 2011; Matthews et al., 2013).”
BackgroundSocioeconomic position and childhood sedentary time: evidence from the PEACH project
Pulsford, R. M., Griew, P., Page, A. S., Cooper, A. R., & Hillsdon, M. M. (2013) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-10-105 · Cited by 42
“) are important contributors to total sedentary time [21] and may be differentially associated with indicators of SEP.”
BackgroundHussain, S. M., Urquhart, D. M., Wang, Y., Dunstan, D. W., Shaw, J. E., Magliano, D. J., Wluka, A. E., & Cicuttini, F. (2016) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000003963 · Cited by 39
“As most people are engaged in watching television when they are not sleeping and are at home,([17,18]) it reflects a broader pattern of sedentary behavior.”
Behavioral Lifestyle Intervention in the Treatment of Obesity
Looney, S. M., & Raynor, H. A. (2013) · Health Services Insights · doi:10.4137/hsi.s10474 · Cited by 43
Physical inactivity and long-term rates of community-acquired sepsis
Wang, H. E., Baddley, J. W., Griffin, R. L., Judd, S. E., Howard, G., Donnelly, J. P., & Safford, M. M. (2014) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.04.017 · Cited by 39
Ambulatory monitoring and sedentary behaviour: a population-health perspective
Owen, N. G. (2012) · Physiological Measurement · doi:10.1088/0967-3334/33/11/1801 · Cited by 39
“Self-report methodologies underpin much of the measurement-development work and innovative uses of device-based measures that our group has pursued (Clark et al 2011a, 2011b, Gardiner et al 2011b, Winkler et al 2012).”
MethodResultInterrelationships among sedentary time, sleep duration, and the metabolic syndrome in adults
Saleh, D., & Janssen, I. (2014) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-666 · Cited by 36
Liu, Y., Yang, L., Stampfer, M. J., Redline, S. S., Tworoger, S. S., & Huang, T. (2021) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/13993003.00606-2021 · Cited by 38
Clustering of children's activity behaviour: the use of self-report versus direct measures
Saunders, T. J., Prince, S. A., & Tremblay, M. S. (2011) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-8-48 · Cited by 30
“Recent findings also suggest that self-reported screen time is only weakly correlated with objectively measured sedentary behaviour in adults [3].”
BackgroundDowns, J. A., Leonard, H., Wong, K., Newton, N., & Hill, K. (2017) · Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology · doi:10.1111/dmcn.13398 · Cited by 29
Lifestyle factors and visceral adipose tissue: Results from the PREDIMED-PLUS study
Galmes-Panades, A. M., Konieczna, J., Abete, I., Colom, A., Rosique-Esteban, N., Zulet, M. Á., Ruiz, Z. V., Estruch, R., Vidal, J., Toledo, E., et al. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0210726 · Cited by 29
Patterns of physical activity and sedentary behavior after bariatric surgery: An observational study
Chapman, N., Hill, K., Taylor, S., Hassanali, M., Straker, L. M., & Hamdorf, J. M. (2013) · Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.soard.2013.10.012 · Cited by 27
Sedentary behavior and blood pressure control among osteoarthritis initiative participants
Sohn, M., Manheim, L. M., Chang, R. W., Greenland, P., Hochberg, M. C., Nevitt, M. C., Semanik, P. A., & Dunlop, D. D. (2014) · Osteoarthritis and Cartilage · doi:10.1016/j.joca.2014.07.007 · Cited by 31
Park Proximity and Older Adults’ Active and Sedentary Behaviors in Dense Urban Areas
Motomura, M., Koohsari, M. J., Ishii, K., Shibata, A., Nakaya, T., Hanibuchi, T., Kaczynski, A. T., Veitch, J., & Oka, K. (2022) · Urban forestry & urban greening · doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128275 · Cited by 28
Zhao, X., Yang, Y., Yue, R., & Su, C. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0283014 · Cited by 26
“Television watching is the main sedentary behavior associated with leisure time [41].”
BackgroundPatterns of accelerometer-derived sedentary time across the lifespan
Santos, D. A., Júdice, P. B., Magalhães, J. P., Correia, I. R., Silva, A. M., Baptista, F., & Sardinha, L. B. (2018) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2018.1474537 · Cited by 29
“Sedentary pursuits are by far the most prevalent behaviour as people spend more than one-half of their day in these type of activities (Baptista et al., 2012; Clark et al., 2011).”
BackgroundWhitaker, K. M., Xiao, Q., Gabriel, K. P., Larsen, P. G., Jacobs, D. R., Sidney, S., Reis, J. P., Gibbs, B. B., Sternfeld, B., & Kershaw, K. N. (2019) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.03.039 · Cited by 24
Dickie, K., Micklesfield, L. K., Chantler, S., Lambert, E. V., & Goedecke, J. H. (2015) · Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders · doi:10.1089/met.2015.0064 · Cited by 23
Diaz, K. M., Booth, J. N., Seals, S. R., Hooker, S. P., Sims, M., Dubbert, P. M., Muntner, P., & Shimbo, D. (2016) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-016-0349-y · Cited by 25
“78) [21, 22].”
Stamatakis, E., Pulsford, R. M., Brunner, E. J., Britton, A. R., Bauman, A. E., Biddle, S., & Hillsdon, M. M. (2017) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2016-096723 · Cited by 24
Assessing Sitting Across Contexts: Development of the Multicontext Sitting Time Questionnaire
Whitfield, G. P., Gabriel, K. P., & Kohl, H. W. (2013) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2013.814041 · Cited by 24
“Highlighting this problem, Clark et al. (2011) demonstrated weak, nonsignificant correlations between reported TV viewing and accelerometer-estimated sedentary time in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults.”
BackgroundUkawa, S., Tamakoshi, A., Yatsuya, H., Yamagishi, K., Ando, M., & Iso, H. (2015) · Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.2188/jea.je20140185 · Cited by 22
Gao, Y., Mi, J., Liu, Z., & Song, Q. (2021) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2021.763626 · Cited by 22
“Television viewing time has been reported as the most important leisure-time associated sedentary behavior and has been mostly studied (Clark et al., 2011; Lam et al., 2013).”
BackgroundHolle, V. V., McNaughton, S. A., Teychenne, M. J., Timperio, A. F., Dyck, D. V., Bourdeaudhuij, I. D., & Salmon, J. (2014) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph110909790 · Cited by 23
Zabatiero, J. G., Smith, A. J., Gucciardi, D. F., Hamdorf, J. M., Taylor, S., & Hill, K. (2021) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-021-05337-6 · Cited by 20
“When compared to measures collected in the general adult population, at 12 months post-surgery, our study sample had a somewhat lower average daily step count (8,871 versus 9,676 steps/day) and accumulated more ST during waking hours (73% versus 56% of waking hours) [56, 57].”
ResultCaregiving, Transport-Related, and Demographic Correlates of Sedentary Behavior in Older Adults
White, M. N., King, A. C., Sallis, J. F., Frank, L. D., Saelens, B. E., Conway, T. L., Cain, K. L., & Kerr, J. (2015) · Journal of Aging and Health · doi:10.1177/0898264315611668 · Cited by 20
“Accelerometer readings of <100 counts/min were defined as sedentary time, which is a common threshold used for sedentary behavior (Clark et al., 2011; Ekelund, Griffin, & Wareham, 2007; Healy, Dunstan, et al., 2008; Healy, Wijndaele, et al., 2008).”
BackgroundMuthuri, S. K., Wachira, L.-J. M., Onywera, V. O., & Tremblay, M. S. (2014) · Annals of Human Biology · doi:10.3109/03014460.2014.932847 · Cited by 18
“Recent findings have found that self-reported screen time is only weakly correlated with objectively measured sedentary behaviour in adults (Clark et al., 2011) and, while less effort has been placed on the comparison of self-report and direct measures of sedentary behaviour in the paediatric population, parental (pro…”
BackgroundUkawa, S., Tamakoshi, A., Wakai, K., Noda, H., Ando, M., & Iso, H. (2013) · Cancer Causes & Control · doi:10.1007/s10552-013-0231-z · Cited by 17
“6 has been reported as the most important leisure-time associated with sedentary and 1 sitting behavior [12-15].”
BackgroundCao, J., Eshak, E. S., Liu, K., Muraki, I., Cui, R., Iso, H., Tamakoshi, A., & JACC Study Group (2019) · Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.4143/crt.2018.705 · Cited by 16
Hasson, R. E., Eisman, A. B., Wassmann, A., Martin, S., Pugh, P., Winkelseth, K., Zernicke, R. F., & Rabaut, L. (2022) · Translational Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/tbm/ibac049 · Cited by 16
Objectively Measured Sedentary Time in Children and Their Parents
Hughes, A. R., Muggeridge, D. J., Gibson, A., Johnstone, A., & Kirk, A. F. (2016) · AIMS Public Health · doi:10.3934/publichealth.2016.4.823 · Cited by 17
“However, evidence shows that self- and proxy-reported screen time/TV viewing can be inaccurate [23] and is not a good marker of total sedentary time in children [6] or adults [24].”
BackgroundKeech, J. J., Hatzis, D., Kavanagh, D. J., White, K. M., & Hamilton, K. (2018) · Australian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/ajpy.12195 · Cited by 15
“However, recent research has found that overall sedentary time and screen time are only weakly correlated (Clark et al., 2011), indicating that it is important to also explore the influences on individuals’ decision-making related to overall sedentary behaviour.”
BackgroundInnerd, P., Harrison, R., & Coulson, M. (2018) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5215-1 · Cited by 19
“Sedentary behaviour is an independent risk factor for weight gain [39], meaning research investigating sedentary behaviour in overweight and obese individuals is of increasing importance.”
BackgroundMota, J. A. P. S., Santos, R., Moreira, C. M. M., Martins, C., Gaya, A. R., Santos, M. P., Ribeiro, J. C., & Vale, S. M. C. G. (2013) · Annals of Human Biology · doi:10.3109/03014460.2012.752524 · Cited by 15
“sedentary time at a population level (Clark et al. 2011),”
BackgroundUse of Time and Energy on Exercise, Prolonged TV Viewing, and Work Days
Matthews, C. E., Keadle, S. K., Saint‐Maurice, P. F., Moore, S. C., Willis, E. A., Sampson, J. N., & Berrigan, D. A. (2018) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2018.04.036 · Cited by 15
The Length and Number of Sedentary Bouts Predict Fibrinogen Levels in Postmenopausal Women
Izzicupo, P., Blasio, A. D., Credico, A. D., Gaggi, G., Vamvakis, A., Napolitano, G., Ricci, F., Gallina, S., Ghinassi, B., & Baldassarre, A. D. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17093051 · Cited by 15
Mizrahi, D., Swain, C. T. V., Bruinsma, F., Hodge, A. M., Taylor, N. J., & Lynch, B. M. (2022) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12529-022-10130-5 · Cited by 13
Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhao, C., Cai, W., Wang, Z., & Zhao, W. (2023) · Iranian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.18502/ijph.v52i10.13848 · Cited by 17
Yang, X., Kaseva, K., Keltikangas‐Järvinen, L., Pulkki-Råbäck, L., Hirvensalo, M. H., Jokela, M. M., Hintsanen, M., Hintsa, T., Kankaanpää, A., Telama, R., et al. (2016) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12529-016-9592-5 · Cited by 13
“In particular, television (TV) viewing is one of the most prevalent sedentary behaviors in adulthood [15] and excessive levels of it have been found to be more detrimental to health than computer use and driving [16].”
BackgroundCredico, A. D., Perpetuini, D., Chiacchiaretta, P., Cardone, D., Filippini, C., Gaggi, G., Merla, A., Ghinassi, B., Baldassarre, A. D., & Izzicupo, P. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182010854 · Cited by 14
Organized Youth Sports Trajectories and Adult Health Outcomes: The Young Finns Study
Yang, X., Kukko, T., Lounassalo, I., Kulmala, J., Hakonen, H., Rovio, S., Pahkala, K., Hirvensalo, M. H., Palomäki, S. H., Hutri‐Kähönen, N., et al. (2022) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.06.018 · Cited by 12
“One explanation for this may be that TV viewing is a marker of sedentary activity that may not adequately reflect the total sedentary time in adults.(31,32) This suggests that sustained moderate-sports participation in youth, particularly in girls, should be considered a basis for total sedentary time prevention later…”
BackgroundTracking of Television Viewing Time during Adulthood
Yang, X., Kankaanpää, A., Biddle, S., Hirvensalo, M. H., Helajärvi, H., Kallio, J., Hutri‐Kähönen, N., Telama, R., Viikari, J. S. A., Raitakari, O. T., et al. (2016) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000001072 · Cited by 13
“Television viewing (TV) time is one of the most prevalent sedentary behaviors (6), and excessive levels have been found to be more harmful to health than other types of sedentary behavior, such as computer use or driving (3).”
BackgroundLi, ., Hua, S., Chen, G., Strizich, G., Kuniholm, M. H., Shan, Z., Talavera, G. A., Castañeda, S. F., Gellman, M. D., Cai, J., et al. (2020) · Liver International · doi:10.1111/liv.14514 · Cited by 12
Why Women Sit: Determinants of Leisure Sitting Time for Working Women
Walsh, S. M., Meyer, M. R. U., Stamatis, A., & Morgan, G. B. (2015) · Women s Health Issues · doi:10.1016/j.whi.2015.06.012 · Cited by 13
“and is significantly associated with total sedentary time (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2013; Clark et al., 2011; Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2009).”
BackgroundPlotnikoff, R. C., Costigan, S. A., Short, C. E., Grunseit, A. C., James, E. L., Johnson, N., Bauman, A. E., D’Este, C. A., van der Ploeg, H. P., & Rhodes, R. E. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0127689 · Cited by 13
Sedentary Behaviour and Ageing
Skelton, D. A., Harvey, J., & Leask, C. F. (2017) · Springer series on epidemiology and public health · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-61552-3_13 · Cited by 11
Zabatiero, J. G., Ng, L., Clayton, R., Middlemiss, S., Kang, K., Harrold, M., & Cavalheri, V. (2018) · Obesity Research & Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.orcp.2018.10.004 · Cited by 12
Dyck, D. V., Barnett, A. H., Cauwenberg, J. V., Zhang, C. J. P., Sit, C. H. P., & Cerin, E. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0235833 · Cited by 10
“Furthermore, one needs to be cautious when using TV viewing as a proxy for total ST, as the level of agreement between both seems to be limited [18].”
BackgroundDemenech, L. M., Fernandes, S. S., Paulitsch, R. G., & Dumith, S. C. (2021) · Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy · doi:10.47626/2237-6089-2021-0228 · Cited by 14
Wagnild, J. M., & Pollard, T. M. (2020) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2019-0315 · Cited by 9
Burahmah, E., Shanmugam, S., & Stansfield, B. W. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20206940 · Cited by 8
“While TV viewing time is highlighted here as a possible daily SB quantity, a study conducted on teenagers in the UK suggests that TV viewing time does not reflect full-day sedentary time [228,229].”
BackgroundAntihypertensive medications and physical function in older persons
Fragoso, C. A. V., & McAvay, G. (2020) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2020.111009 · Cited by 8
Chen, L.-F., You, G., Yang, Z., Shen, R., Zhang, R., Zhu, D., Wang, L., Shen, L., Lv, L., & Huang, K. (2023) · BMC Cardiovascular Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12872-023-03395-5 · Cited by 7
“Furthermore, rough estimates of sedentary TV watching time were mainly conducted through questionnaires (mostly self-reported assessments), which might have skewed the results with reduced accuracy [42].”
ResultLi, P., Li, J., Zhu, H., Sheng, D., Xiao, Z., Liu, W., Xiao, B., & Zhou, L. (2024) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.2296 · Cited by 7
“MA, migraine with aura; MO, migraine without aura; SNP, single-nucleotide polymorphism; TV, television. accelerometer-derived total sedentary time (Clark et al., 2011).”
Metadata
- Authors
- CLARK, B. K., HEALY, G. N., WINKLER, E. A. H., GARDINER, P. A., SUGIYAMA, T., DUNSTAN, D. W., MATTHEWS, C. E., & OWEN, N.
- Affiliations
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (AU)
- Edith Cowan University (AU)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
- Published
- 2011-05
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 822-828
- ISSN
- 0195-9131 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8477752
- OpenAlex
- W2028234299
- Cited by
- 136
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 7.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Edith Cowan University Research Online (Edith Cowan University) (submittedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- eSpace (Curtin University) (submittedVersion)
- Swinburne figshare (Swinburne University of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (Z99 CA999999)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Keywords
- television viewing time, sedentary behavior, accelerometer-measured sedentary time, measurement agreement, subgroup differences, working-age adults, part-time work, full-time employment, gender differences, age differences, racial and ethnic differences
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nutrition Surveys, Television, United States, Linear Models, Young Adult, Actigraphy, Sedentary Behavior
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