The DOI matches its Crossref record; 13 of the 13 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Behavioral and Distributional Implications of Aid for College
Abstract
Subsidizing the cost of education is one of the most common, and expensive, activities of governments. While primary and secondary schooling is available tuition-free in the United States, among post-secondary students the direct cost of schooling is quite heterogeneous. First, tuition prices vary widely across schools. During the 2000-2001 academic year, college tuitions varied from zero at some community colleges to over $27,000 at Ivy League institutions. Second, institutions heavily discount these sticker prices for many students, using detailed information on family finances and academic merit to engage in finely tuned price discrimination.' Third, the federal and state governments provide individual subsidies, such as the Pell Grant and low-interest Stafford loan, that are portable across institutions. The standard model of human capital clearly predicts that such cost subsidies will raise the optimal level of schooling. While the theoretical predictions are clear, it is an empirical question how much a given dollar of subsidy affects behavior. Answering this empirical question is a challenge, since eligibility for subsidies is certainly not random and, in fact, is likely to be correlated with many other determinants of schooling. As a result, estimates based on the cross-sectional correlation of aid eligibility with schooling are subject to multiple sources of bias. This paper examines work that has used quasi-experimental methodology to isolate exogenous sources of va…
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“These studies lack an explicit design to deal with omitted variable bias or reverse causation (see Leslie & Brinkman, 1988 for a summary of this early research; see Dynarski, 2002 for a critique of its methodology).”
From College Costs, Financial Aid, and Student Decisions (2022) · cites this paper as Dynarski, 2002
Citations
Cites
Subsidies, Hierarchy and Peers: The Awkward Economics of Higher Education
Winston, G. C. (1999) · The Journal of Economic Perspectives · doi:10.1257/jep.13.1.13 · Cited by 762
Van Der Klaauw, W. (2002) · International Economic Review · doi:10.1111/1468-2354.t01-1-00055 · Cited by 722
Kane, T. J. (1994) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/261958 · Cited by 551
The Economic Value of Higher Education.
Jackson, G. A., Leslie, L. L., & Brinkman, P. T. (1989) · The Journal of Higher Education · doi:10.2307/1982275 · Cited by 450
Hope for Whom? Financial Aid for the Middle Class and Its Impact on College Attendance
Dynarski, S. (2000) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w7756 · Cited by 398
Self-citationBound, J., & Turner, S. (2002) · Journal of Labor Economics · doi:10.1086/342012 · Cited by 374
Hope for Whom? Financial Aid for the Middle Class and Its Impact on College Attendance
Dynarski, S. (2000) · National Tax Journal · doi:10.17310/ntj.2000.3s.02 · Cited by 334
Self-citationKane, T. J. (1995) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w5164 · Cited by 329
Back to School: Federal Student Aid Policy and Adult College Enrollment
Seftor, N. S., & Turner, S. E. (2002) · The Journal of Human Resources · doi:10.2307/3069650 · Cited by 266
The Effect of Veterans Benefits on Education and Earnings
Angrist, J. D. (1993) · Industrial and Labor Relations Review · doi:10.1177/001979399304600404 · Cited by 152
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 280
Price Discrimination and Public Policy in the U.S. College Market
Fillmore, I. (2016) · Employment Research · doi:10.17848/1075-8445.23(2)-2 · Cited by 22
Poverty in China's Colleges and the Targeting of Financial Aid
Li, H., Meng, L., Shi, X., & Wu, B. (2013) · The China Quarterly · doi:10.1017/s0305741013001082 · Cited by 22
Kramer, D. A., Ortagus, J. C., & Lacy, T. A. (2017) · Research in Higher Education · doi:10.1007/s11162-017-9475-x · Cited by 21
Canché, M. S. G. (2018) · Higher education · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-72490-4_5 · Cited by 21
Does the Student-Loan Burden Weigh into the Decision to Start a Family?Preprint
Gicheva, D. (2011) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 21
The Short-Term Effects of the Kalamazoo Promise Scholarship on Student Outcomes
Bartik, T. J., & Lachowska, M. (2013) · New Analyses of Worker Well-Being · doi:10.1108/s0147-9121(2013)0000038002 · Cited by 54
Retention Among Community College Student-Athletes
Mendoza, P., Horton, D., & Mendez, J. P. (2012) · Community College Journal of Research and Practice · doi:10.1080/10668921003677183 · Cited by 23
Eaton, C., Kulkarni, S., Birgeneau, R. J., Brady, H. E., & Hout, M. (2019) · Socius Sociological Research for a Dynamic World · doi:10.1177/2378023119862409 · Cited by 18
Effect of Secondary School Fees on Educational Attainment*
Riphahn, R. T. (2011) · Scandinavian Journal of Economics · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9442.2011.01661.x · Cited by 18
Hope for the Pell? The Impact of Merit-Aid on Needy Students
Singell, L. D., Waddell, G. R., & Curs, B. R. (2004) · Scholars' Bank (University of Oregon) · Cited by 18
Marginal Pricing and Student Investment in Higher Education
Hemelt, S. W., & Stange, K. (2016) · Journal of Policy Analysis and Management · doi:10.1002/pam.21891 · Cited by 17
The effect of educational technology on college students’ labor market performance
Lu, Y., & Song, H. (2020) · Journal of Population Economics · doi:10.1007/s00148-019-00756-3 · Cited by 17
Geospatial Analysis in Higher Education Research
Hillman, N. (2017) · Higher education · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-48983-4_11 · Cited by 18
In Debt and Alone? Examining the Causal Link between Student Loans and Marriage
Gicheva, D. (2012) · Cited by 15
College Aid Policy and Competition for Diversity
Melguizo, T., & Chung, A. S. (2012) · Review of higher education/The review of higher education · doi:10.1353/rhe.2012.0021 · Cited by 16
Liu, A. Y.-H., Ehrenberg, R. G., & Mrdjenovic, J. (2007) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w13175 · Cited by 16
The Evolution of Education: A Macroeconomic AnalysisPreprint
Restuccia, D., & Vandenbroucke, G. (2008) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1279467 · Cited by 16
Mueller, R. (2013) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2256110 · Cited by 18
Harris, D. N., & Goldrick‐Rab, S. (2012) · Education Finance and Policy · doi:10.1162/edfp_a_00060 · Cited by 15
Supplement or Supplant? Estimating the Impact of State Lottery Earmarks on Higher Education Funding
Bell, E., Wehde, W. W., & Stucky, M. (2018) · Education Finance and Policy · doi:10.1162/edfp_a_00262 · Cited by 14
White, J. A., & Daché, A. (2019) · Community College Journal of Research and Practice · doi:10.1080/10668926.2019.1649220 · Cited by 14
Davidson, J. C. (2014) · Community College Journal of Research and Practice · doi:10.1080/10668926.2013.820157 · Cited by 14
The schooling and labor market effects of eliminating university tuition in Ecuador
Molina, T., & Camino, I. R. (2021) · Journal of Public Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2021.104383 · Cited by 13
Human capital investment by the poor: Informing policy with laboratory experiments
Eckel, C. C., Johnson, C. A., & Claude Montmarquette, A. (2012) · Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization · doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2012.02.023 · Cited by 13
ENROLLMENT AT HIGHLY SELECTIVE PRIVATE COLLEGES: WHO IS LEFT BEHIND?
Dezhbakhsh, H., & Karikari, J. A. (2010) · Contemporary Economic Policy · doi:10.1111/j.1465-7287.2009.00166.x · Cited by 13
Non-Take-Up of Student Financial Aid: A Microsimulation for Germany
Herber, S. P., & Kalinowski, M. (2016) · Education Economics · doi:10.1080/09645292.2018.1490698 · Cited by 16
Optimal timing of college subsidies: Enrollment, graduation, and the skill premium
Matsuda, K. (2020) · European Economic Review · doi:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2020.103549 · Cited by 13
Jones, T. R., Kreisman, D., Rubenstein, R., Searcy, C. S., & Bhatt, R. R. (2021) · Education Finance and Policy · doi:10.1162/edfp_a_00337 · Cited by 13
Arendt, J. N. (2008) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1133046 · Cited by 13
Financial Student Aid and Enrollment into Higher Education: New Evidence from GermanyPreprint
Steiner, V., & Wrohlich, K. (2009) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1424922 · Cited by 13
Intended College Enrollment and Educational Inequality: Do Students Lack Information?Preprint
Peter, F., & Zambre, V. (2016) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2803170 · Cited by 13
Tax benefits for graduate education: Incentives for whom?
Bednar, S., & Gicheva, D. (2013) · Economics of Education Review · doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2013.07.001 · Cited by 11
Financing Higher Education in the United States
Tulip, P. (2007) · OECD Economics Department working papers · doi:10.1787/043760330834 · Cited by 12
INTERGENERATIONAL MOBILITY IN EDUCATION AND OCCUPATION
Alonso‐Carrera, J., Caballé, J., & Raurich, X. (2018) · Macroeconomic Dynamics · doi:10.1017/s1365100518000226 · Cited by 11
Messengers of Bad News or Bad Apples? Student Debt and College Accountability
Darolia, R. (2015) · Education Finance and Policy · doi:10.1162/edfp_a_00161 · Cited by 11
Educational attainment as a constraint on economic growth and social progress
Kodrzycki, Y. K. (2002) · Conference Series ; [Proceedings] · Cited by 11
Fiscal policy, composition of intergenerational transfers, and income distribution
Alonso‐Carrera, J., Caballé, J., & Raurich, X. (2012) · Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization · doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2012.07.013 · Cited by 11
Marcus, J., & Zambre, V. (2016) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2866330 · Cited by 11
Price Discrimination and Public Policy in the US College Market
Fillmore, I. (2022) · The Review of Economic Studies · doi:10.1093/restud/rdac051 · Cited by 10
Incentive pay for policy‐makers?
Britz, V., Ebrahimi, A., & Gersbach, H. (2022) · Journal of Public Economic Theory · doi:10.1111/jpet.12553 · Cited by 10
Wang, N. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.869171 · Cited by 13
The Impact of Education Tax Benefits on College Completion
Elsayed, M. (2016) · Economics of Education Review · doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2016.05.005 · Cited by 10
Funding post-compulsory education
Barr, N. (2017) · Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks · doi:10.4337/9781785369070.00021 · Cited by 10
Corredor, J., González-Arango, F., & Maldonado‐Carreño, C. (2020) · Higher Education · doi:10.1007/s10734-020-00502-9 · Cited by 12
Skills, Schools, and Credit Constraints: Evidence from Massachusetts
Goodman, J. (2009) · Education Finance and Policy · doi:10.1162/edfp.2009.5.1.5103 · Cited by 10
Labor supply in the new century
Bradbury, K., Foote, C. L., & Triest, R. K. (2007) · Conference Series ; [Proceedings] · Cited by 9
The Oklahoma's Promise Program: A National Model to Promote College Persistence
Mendoza, P., & Mendez, J. P. (2012) · Journal of College Student Retention Research Theory & Practice · doi:10.2190/cs.14.3.g · Cited by 11
Information Provision and Postgraduate Studies
Berkes, J., Peter, F., Spieß, C. K., & Weinhardt, F. (2022) · Economica · doi:10.1111/ecca.12416 · Cited by 9
Sublett, C., & Taylor, J. L. (2021) · Community College Review · doi:10.1177/00915521211026681 · Cited by 9
The study pace among college students before and after a student aid reform: Some Swedish resultsPreprint
Avdic, D., & Gartell, M. (2011) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 9
College Costs, Financial Aid, and Student DecisionsPreprint
Dynarski, S., Page, L. C., & Scott-Clayton, J. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4171452 · Cited by 12
Self-citationHow you buy affects what you get: Technology acquisition by state governments
Pierson, K., & Thompson, F. (2016) · Government Information Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.giq.2016.06.003 · Cited by 8
College Enrollment: An Economic Analysis
Stratton, L. S. (2013) · Higher education · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-8005-6_8 · Cited by 9
Does Labor Legislation Benefit Workers? Well-Being after an Hours Reduction
Hamermesh, D. S., Kawaguchi, D., & Lee, J. (2014) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w20398 · Cited by 8
Opportunity Unraveled: Private Information and the Missing Markets for Financing Human Capital
Herbst, D., & Hendren, N. (2021) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.20211653 · Cited by 13
Student Athlete Retention and Financial Aid
Mendez, J. P., Mendoza, P., & Archer, D. (2009) · Journal for the Study of Sports and Athletes in Education · doi:10.1179/ssa.2009.3.1.59 · Cited by 8
Borden, V. M. H., & McCormick, A. C. (2019) · Tertiary Education and Management · doi:10.1007/s11233-019-09045-w · Cited by 7
The Effects of Scholarship Amount on Yield and Success for Master's Students in Education
Porter, A., Yang, R., Hwang, J., McMaken, J., & Rorison, J. (2014) · Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness · doi:10.1080/19345747.2013.836764 · Cited by 7
Borrowing Smarter or Borrowing More? Investigating the Effects of a Change in Federal Loan Policy
Lee, J. C., Ciarimboli, E. B., Rubin, P. G., & Canché, M. S. G. (2019) · The Journal of Higher Education · doi:10.1080/00221546.2019.1650583 · Cited by 7
The Returns to Four-Year College for Academically Marginal StudentsPreprint
Zimmerman, S. (2011) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1962185 · Cited by 7
Timing and Incentives: Impacts of Student Aid on Academic AchievementPreprint
Joensen, J. S. (2010) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 7
Baumgartner, H. J., & Steiner, V. (2004) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 7
Liu, A. Y.-H., Ehrenberg, R. G., & Mrdjenovic, J. (2007) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.989975 · Cited by 7
Assessing the College Financial Aid Work Penalty
Darolia, R. (2017) · The Journal of Higher Education · doi:10.1080/00221546.2016.1271696 · Cited by 8
Sources of Funding and Academic Performance in Economics Principles Courses
Faulk, D., Srinivasan, A. K., & Bingham, J. (2012) · The Journal of Economic Education · doi:10.1080/00220485.2012.659645 · Cited by 6
Mismatch in the Labor Market: Measuring the Supply of and Demand for Skilled Labor in New EnglandPreprint
Modestino, A. (2011) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1947436 · Cited by 6
Taxing Tax ExpendituresPreprint
McMahon, M. J. (2010) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1710267 · Cited by 6
Who Merits Financial Aid?: Massachusetts' Adams ScholarshipPreprint
Goodman, J. (2007) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.969363 · Cited by 6
Dolton, P., & Li, L. (2011) · Cited by 5
The Economics of Higher Education Participation
Denny, K., & Flannery, D. J. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-48553-9_2 · Cited by 5
Undergraduates with Employer-Sponsored Aid: Comparing Group Differences
Faulk, D., & Zhenlei, W. (2014) · Journal of Student Financial Aid · doi:10.55504/0884-9153.1043 · Cited by 5
Do Loans Increase College Access and Choice? Examining the Introduction of Universal Student Loans
Long, B. T., & Ph., D. (2013) · Cited by 5
Tuition Fees in Spanish Public Universities: A Regional Convergence Analysis
Ferrá, J. O. E., Esparrells, C. P., de la Torre, E. M., & Sequera, S. M. (2017) · Estudios sobre Educación · doi:10.15581/004.32.197-221 · Cited by 5
Bettinger, E., Long, B. T., & Oreopoulos, P. (2007) · Cited by 4
Hazlett, P. K., & Reilly, C. S. (2022) · Constitutional Political Economy · doi:10.1007/s10602-022-09365-x · Cited by 4
The Effect of Tuition Fees on Students' Work in Canada
Neill, C. (2006) · Cited by 4
Morris, M. D. (2003) · ScholarWorks @ The University of New Orleans (The University of New Orleans) · Cited by 4
The Expensive Dream: Financing Higher Vocational Colleges in China
Song, Y., & Postiglione, G. A. (2011) · Palgrave Macmillan US eBooks · doi:10.1057/9780230120006_19 · Cited by 4
The student loan consolidation option
Lucas, D. J., & Moore, D. (2019) · Journal of Public Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2019.01.011 · Cited by 4
The Knowledge TaxPreprint
Simkovic, M. (2015) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2551567 · Cited by 5
Song, Y., & Rubenstein, R. (2023) · Research in Higher Education · doi:10.1007/s11162-023-09747-6 · Cited by 3
Progressive Taxation versus College Subsidies with College Dropout
Matsuda, K. (2022) · Journal of money credit and banking · doi:10.1111/jmcb.12989 · Cited by 3
Briceno-Mosquera, A. (2023) · Research in Higher Education · doi:10.1007/s11162-023-09749-4 · Cited by 3
Are selective private and public colleges affordable?
Karikari, J. A., & Dezhbakhsh, H. (2011) · Education Economics · doi:10.1080/09645292.2010.545195 · Cited by 3
Erk, T. (2013) · Cardinal Scholar (Ball State University) · Cited by 3
Compton, M. E. (2019) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198843719.003.0006 · Cited by 3
Parent Borrowing and College Completion
Woo, J. H., & Lew, S. (2020) · Journal of Student Financial Aid · doi:10.55504/0884-9153.1650 · Cited by 3
Three essays on labor and credit markets
Keys, B. J. (2009) · Deep Blue (University of Michigan) · Cited by 4
Market Power and Price Discrimination in the U.S. Market for Higher Education
Epple, D. N., Romano, R., Sarpça, S., Sieg, H., & Zaber, M. A. (2017) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w23360 · Cited by 3
Effects of College Educational Debt on Graduate School Attendance and Early Career and Life ChoicesPreprint
Zhang, L. (2006) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.942793 · Cited by 4
The United States’ higher education antitrust exemption and college enrollment
Karikari, J. A., & Dezhbakhsh, H. (2018) · Applied Economics · doi:10.1080/00036846.2018.1524978 · Cited by 2
Discrimination by location: university pricing behavior and in-state tuition
Davis, Z. G. (2021) · Education Economics · doi:10.1080/09645292.2021.1919059 · Cited by 2
Should higher education be subsidized more?
Declercq, K., & Ooghe, E. (2023) · Economic Policy · doi:10.1093/epolic/eiad019 · Cited by 2
In my own time: tuition fees, class time and student effort in non-formal (or continuing) education
Bolli, T., & Johnes, G. (2014) · Journal of Education and Work · doi:10.1080/13639080.2014.958654 · Cited by 2
Clouse, W. (2012) · Digital Collections of Colorado (Colorado State University) · Cited by 2
Identifying Preferences for Equal College Access, Income, and Income Equality
Bernardo Lara, E., & Shores, K. (2018) · Education Finance and Policy · doi:10.1162/edfp_a_00271 · Cited by 2
Noopila, M. Y., & Pichon, H. W. (2020) · Journal of Student Financial Aid · doi:10.55504/0884-9153.1664 · Cited by 2
Student Financial Aid in the United States
Franke, R., & Purdy, W. (2012) · SensePublishers eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-6209-016-3_9 · Cited by 2
The Enrollment Effect of Secondary School Fees in Post-War GermanyPreprint
Riphahn, R. T. (2004) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.588348 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Dynarski, S.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Dynarski, Susan
- Venue
- American Economic Review
- Publisher
- American Economic Association
- Published
- 2002-04-01
- Volume
- 92
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 279-285
- ISSN
- 0002-8282 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2037481182
- Cited by
- 281
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 30.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Economic Review (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Higher Education Research Studies
- Social Sciences › Education › School Choice and Performance
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies
- Keywords
- student financial aid, Pell grants, Stafford loans, college enrollment decisions, human capital
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review