The DOI matches its Crossref record; 13 of the 13 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Behavioral and Distributional Implications of Aid for College
Abstract
Subsidizing the cost of education is one of the most common, and expensive, activities of governments. While primary and secondary schooling is available tuition-free in the United States, among post-secondary students the direct cost of schooling is quite heterogeneous. First, tuition prices vary widely across schools. During the 2000-2001 academic year, college tuitions varied from zero at some community colleges to over $27,000 at Ivy League institutions. Second, institutions heavily discount these sticker prices for many students, using detailed information on family finances and academic merit to engage in finely tuned price discrimination.' Third, the federal and state governments provide individual subsidies, such as the Pell Grant and low-interest Stafford loan, that are portable across institutions. The standard model of human capital clearly predicts that such cost subsidies will raise the optimal level of schooling. While the theoretical predictions are clear, it is an empirical question how much a given dollar of subsidy affects behavior. Answering this empirical question is a challenge, since eligibility for subsidies is certainly not random and, in fact, is likely to be correlated with many other determinants of schooling. As a result, estimates based on the cross-sectional correlation of aid eligibility with schooling are subject to multiple sources of bias. This paper examines work that has used quasi-experimental methodology to isolate exogenous sources of va…
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“These studies lack an explicit design to deal with omitted variable bias or reverse causation (see Leslie & Brinkman, 1988 for a summary of this early research; see Dynarski, 2002 for a critique of its methodology).”
From College Costs, Financial Aid, and Student Decisions (2022) · cites this paper as Dynarski, 2002
Citations
Cites
Subsidies, Hierarchy and Peers: The Awkward Economics of Higher Education
Winston, G. C. (1999) · The Journal of Economic Perspectives · doi:10.1257/jep.13.1.13 · Cited by 762
Van Der Klaauw, W. (2002) · International Economic Review · doi:10.1111/1468-2354.t01-1-00055 · Cited by 722
Kane, T. J. (1994) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/261958 · Cited by 551
The Economic Value of Higher Education.
Jackson, G. A., Leslie, L. L., & Brinkman, P. T. (1989) · The Journal of Higher Education · doi:10.2307/1982275 · Cited by 450
Hope for Whom? Financial Aid for the Middle Class and Its Impact on College Attendance
Dynarski, S. (2000) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w7756 · Cited by 398
Self-citationBound, J., & Turner, S. (2002) · Journal of Labor Economics · doi:10.1086/342012 · Cited by 374
Hope for Whom? Financial Aid for the Middle Class and Its Impact on College Attendance
Dynarski, S. (2000) · National Tax Journal · doi:10.17310/ntj.2000.3s.02 · Cited by 334
Self-citationKane, T. J. (1995) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w5164 · Cited by 329
Back to School: Federal Student Aid Policy and Adult College Enrollment
Seftor, N. S., & Turner, S. E. (2002) · The Journal of Human Resources · doi:10.2307/3069650 · Cited by 266
The Effect of Veterans Benefits on Education and Earnings
Angrist, J. D. (1993) · Industrial and Labor Relations Review · doi:10.1177/001979399304600404 · Cited by 152
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Can Family Socioeconomic Resources Account for Racial and Ethnic Test Score Gaps?
Duncan, G. J., & Magnuson, K. (2005) · The Future of Children · doi:10.1353/foc.2005.0004 · Cited by 487
The Role of Higher Education in Social Mobility
Haveman, R., & Smeeding, T. (2006) · The Future of children · doi:10.1353/foc.2006.0015 · Cited by 449
Use of Quasi-Experimental Research Designs in Education Research: Growth, Promise, and Challenges
Gopalan, M., Rosinger, K. O., & Ahn, J. B. (2020) · Review of Research in Education · doi:10.3102/0091732x20903302 · Cited by 623
From Theory to Action: Exploring the Institutional Conditions for Student Retention
Tinto, V. (2010) · Higher education · doi:10.1007/978-90-481-8598-6_2 · Cited by 366
Scott-Clayton, J. (2011) · The Journal of Human Resources · doi:10.1353/jhr.2011.0013 · Cited by 331
Into College, Out of Poverty? Policies to Increase the Postsecondary Attainment of the Poor
Deming, D. J., & Dynarski, S. (2009) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w15387 · Cited by 263
Self-citationCollege Cost and Time to Complete a Degree: Evidence from Tuition Discontinuities
Garibaldi, P., Giavazzi, F., Ichino, A., & Rettore, E. (2011) · The Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.1162/rest_a_00195 · Cited by 232
Investigating the Impact of Financial Aid on Student Dropout Risks: Racial and Ethnic Differences
Chen, R., & DesJardins, S. L. (2010) · The Journal of Higher Education · doi:10.1353/jhe.0.0085 · Cited by 198
An Integrated Model of Application, Admission, Enrollment, and Financial Aid
DesJardins, S. L., Ahlburg, D. A., & McCall, B. P. (2006) · The Journal of Higher Education · doi:10.1080/00221546.2006.11778932 · Cited by 194
Building the Stock of College-Educated Labor
Dynarski, S. (2005) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w11604 · Cited by 200
Self-citationInformation and College Access: Evidence from a Randomized Field Experiment*
Oreopoulos, P., & Dunn, R. (2013) · The Scandinavian Journal of Economics · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9442.2012.01742.x · Cited by 192
The Effect of Loans on the Persistence and Attainment of Community College Students
Dowd, A. C., & Coury, T. (2006) · Research in Higher Education · doi:10.1007/s11162-005-8151-8 · Cited by 185
Beyond Access: Explaining Socioeconomic Differences in College Transfer
Goldrick-Rab, S., & Pfeffer, F. T. (2008) · Sociology of Education · doi:10.1177/003804070908200201 · Cited by 200
Investing in Schooling In Chile: The Role of Information about Financial Aid for Higher Education
Dinkelman, T., & Claudia Martínez, A. (2013) · The Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.1162/rest_a_00384 · Cited by 177
Do Tuition Fees Affect Enrollment Behavior? Evidence from a 'Natural Experiment' in Germany
Hübner, M. (2009) · Economics of Education Review · doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2012.06.006 · Cited by 155
Ortagus, J. C., Kelchen, R., Rosinger, K. O., & Voorhees, N. (2020) · Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis · doi:10.3102/0162373720953128 · Cited by 150
Efficiency and equity of European education and training policies
Woessmann, L. (2008) · International Tax and Public Finance · doi:10.1007/s10797-008-9064-1 · Cited by 145
The role of family socioeconomic resources in the black-white test score gap among young children
Magnuson, K. A., & Duncan, G. J. (2006) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/j.dr.2006.06.004 · Cited by 145
Management, U. L. R. U. P. M. P. G. A., Hart, P. ‘., Management, P., Matters, U. L. R. U. P., Compton, M. E., & Matters, U. L. R. U. P. (2019) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198843719.001.0001 · Cited by 136
Building the Stock of College-Educated Labor
Dynarski, S. (2008) · The Journal of Human Resources · doi:10.1353/jhr.2008.0020 · Cited by 238
Self-citationDickson, L. M. (2005) · Economics of Education Review · doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2004.11.005 · Cited by 130
Levitt, S. D., List, J. A., & Sadoff, S. (2016) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w22107 · Cited by 129
Econometric studies of higher education
Ehrenberg, R. G. (2003) · Journal of Econometrics · doi:10.1016/j.jeconom.2003.10.008 · Cited by 115
Tuition fees and the demand for university places
Neill, C. (2009) · Economics of Education Review · doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2009.01.002 · Cited by 108
Goldrick‐Rab, S., Harris, D. N., & Trostel, P. A. (2009) · Higher education · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9628-0_1 · Cited by 109
Credit Constraints and Demand for Higher Education: Evidence from Financial Deregulation
Sun, S. T., & Yannelis, C. (2015) · The Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.1162/rest_a_00558 · Cited by 101
Abraham, K. G., & Clark, M. A. (2003) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w10112 · Cited by 99
Children and Socioeconomic Status
Duncan, G. J., Magnuson, K., & Votruba‐Drzal, E. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118963418.childpsy414 · Cited by 99
Who merits financial aid?: Massachusetts' Adams Scholarship
Goodman, J. (2008) · Journal of Public Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2008.03.009 · Cited by 93
A Framework for Reducing the College Success Gap and Promoting Success for All
Perna, L. W., & Thomas, S. L. (2006) · Scholarly Commons (University of Pennsylvania) · Cited by 91
The effects of the Kalamazoo Promise on college choice
Andrews, R. J., DesJardins, S., & Ranchhod, V. (2010) · Economics of Education Review · doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2010.05.004 · Cited by 90
Dowd, A. C. (2008) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/0034654308317252 · Cited by 95
Melguizo, T., Sanchez, F., & Velasco, T. (2015) · World Development · doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.11.018 · Cited by 88
The Financial Benefits and Burdens of Performance Funding in Higher Education
Hagood, L. P. (2019) · Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis · doi:10.3102/0162373719837318 · Cited by 87
Zhang, L. (2011) · Education Economics · doi:10.1080/09645292.2010.545204 · Cited by 91
Financial aid and for-profit colleges: Does aid encourage entry?
Cellini, S. R. (2010) · Journal of Policy Analysis and Management · doi:10.1002/pam.20508 · Cited by 82
Brock, T., & Richburg-Hayes, L. (2006) · MDRC · Cited by 82
Arendt, J. N. (2012) · Empirical Economics · doi:10.1007/s00181-012-0638-5 · Cited by 79
Can Self-Control Explain Avoiding Free Money? Evidence from Interest-Free Student Loans
Cadena, B. C., & Keys, B. J. (2012) · The Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.1162/rest_a_00321 · Cited by 78
Income and financial aid effects on persistence and degree attainment in public colleges
Dowd, A. C. (2004) · Education Policy Analysis Archives · doi:10.14507/epaa.v12n21.2004 · Cited by 70
The Effects of the Kalamazoo Promise Scholarship on College Enrollment and Completion
Bartik, T. J., Hershbein, B. J., & Lachowska, M. (2019) · The Journal of Human Resources · doi:10.3368/jhr.56.1.0416-7824r4 · Cited by 69
The Effect of Access to College Assessments on Enrollment and Attainment
Bulman, G. B. (2015) · American Economic Journal Applied Economics · doi:10.1257/app.20140062 · Cited by 71
The Effects of the Kalamazoo Promise Scholarship on College Enrollment, Persistence, and Completion
Bartik, T. J., Hershbein, B. J., & Lachowska, M. (2015) · doi:10.17848/wp15-229 · Cited by 69
Griffin, K. A., del Pilar, W., McIntosh, K. L., & Griffin, A. A. (2012) · Journal of Diversity in Higher Education · doi:10.1037/a0028393 · Cited by 68
Whatley, M. E. (2017) · Journal of Studies in International Education · doi:10.1177/1028315317697798 · Cited by 68
Toutkoushian, R. K., & Shafiq, M. N. (2009) · Research in Higher Education · doi:10.1007/s11162-009-9148-5 · Cited by 67
Deming, D. J., & Dynarski, S. (2009) · National Bureau of Economic Research · Cited by 66
Self-citationEfficiency and Equity of European Education and Training PoliciesPreprint
Woessmann, L. (2006) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.926039 · Cited by 65
Intended college enrollment and educational inequality: Do students lack information?
Peter, F., & Zambre, V. (2017) · Economics of Education Review · doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2017.08.002 · Cited by 64
Understanding Student Loan Decisions: A Literature Review
Cho, S. H., Xu, Y., & Kiss, E. (2015) · Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal · doi:10.1111/fcsr.12099 · Cited by 70
College majors and the knowledge content of jobs
Freeman, J. A., & Hirsch, B. T. (2008) · Economics of Education Review · doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2007.07.004 · Cited by 60
Changes in Institutional Aid, 1992–2003: The Evolving Role of Merit Aid
Doyle, W. R. (2010) · Research in Higher Education · doi:10.1007/s11162-010-9177-0 · Cited by 59
Mendoza, P., Mendez, J. P., & Malcolm, Z. T. (2009) · Community College Review · doi:10.1177/0091552109348045 · Cited by 59
(2009) · ASHE Higher Education Report · doi:10.1002/aehe.3504 · Cited by 58
The Higher Education White Paper: The Good, the Bad, the Unspeakable – and the Next White Paper1
Barr, N. (2012) · Social Policy and Administration · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9515.2012.00852.x · Cited by 55
College Costs, Financial Aid, and Student Decisions
Dynarski, S., Page, L., & Scott-Clayton, J. (2022) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w30275 · Cited by 56
Self-citationThe Contributions of Economics to the Study of College Access and Success
Long, B. T. (2007) · Teachers College Record The Voice of Scholarship in Education · doi:10.1177/016146810710901004 · Cited by 53
Does labor legislation benefit workers? Well-being after an hours reduction
Hamermesh, D. S., Kawaguchi, D., & Lee, J. (2017) · Journal of the Japanese and International Economies · doi:10.1016/j.jjie.2017.02.003 · Cited by 52
Merit aid and post-college retention in the state
Sjoquist, D. L., & Winters, J. V. (2013) · Journal of Urban Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jue.2013.10.003 · Cited by 52
The Impact of State Appropriations and Grants on Access to Higher Education and Outmigration
Toutkoushian, R. K., & Hillman, N. (2012) · Review of higher education/The review of higher education · doi:10.1353/rhe.2012.0063 · Cited by 52
LeGower, M., & Walsh, R. (2017) · Journal of Urban Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jue.2017.06.001 · Cited by 51
Darolia, R. (2013) · Journal of Public Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2013.08.001 · Cited by 50
Loyalka, P. K., Song, Y., Wei, J., Zhong, W., & Rozelle, S. (2013) · Economics of Education Review · doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2013.05.001 · Cited by 50
College Grants on a Postcard: A Proposal for Simple and Predictable Federal Student AidPreprint
Dynarski, S. (2007) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.976537 · Cited by 47
Self-citationTHE EVOLUTION OF EDUCATION: A MACROECONOMIC ANALYSIS
Restuccia, D., & Vandenbroucke, G. (2013) · International Economic Review · doi:10.1111/iere.12022 · Cited by 56
College Cost and Time to Complete a Degree: Evidence from Tuition Discontinuities
Garibaldi, P., Giavazzi, F., Ichino, A., & Rettore, E. (2007) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w12863 · Cited by 46
Choosing College in the 2000s: An Updated Analysis Using the Conditional Logistic Choice Model
Skinner, B. T. (2018) · Research in Higher Education · doi:10.1007/s11162-018-9507-1 · Cited by 50
Bell, E. (2020) · The Journal of Higher Education · doi:10.1080/00221546.2019.1706015 · Cited by 46
Accountability, Assessment, and the Scholarship of “Best Practice”
Dowd, A. C., & Tong, V. P. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-5666-6_2 · Cited by 48
Estimating the education-earnings equation using geographic variation
Doyle, W. R., & Skinner, B. T. (2016) · Economics of Education Review · doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2016.03.010 · Cited by 45
Academic and Labor Market Success: The Impact of Student Employment, Abilities, and PreferencesPreprint
Joensen, J. S. (2009) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1352077 · Cited by 43
The association between financial aid availability and the college dropout rates in Colombia
Melguizo, T., Torres, F. S., & Jaime, H. (2010) · Higher Education · doi:10.1007/s10734-010-9385-8 · Cited by 40
Sustaining U.S. Economic Growth
DeLong, J. B., Goldin, C. D., Katz, L. F., Aaron, H. J., Lindsay, J. M., & Nivola, P. S. (2003) · Cited by 40
Contending With Financial Inequality
John, E. P. S. (2006) · American Behavioral Scientist · doi:10.1177/0002764206289135 · Cited by 38
Amuedo‐Dorantes, C., & Sparber, C. (2014) · Regional Science and Urban Economics · doi:10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2014.07.010 · Cited by 41
TAX PREFERENCES FOR HIGHER EDUCATION AND ADULT COLLEGE ENROLLMENT
LaLumia, S. (2012) · National Tax Journal · doi:10.17310/ntj.2012.1.03 · Cited by 36
Building the Stock of College-Educated LaborPreprint
Dynarski, S. (2005) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.800124 · Cited by 35
Self-citationMurphy, R., & Wyness, G. (2023) · Journal of Labor Economics · doi:10.1086/719995 · Cited by 34
Baumgartner, H. J., & Steiner, V. (2006) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.892831 · Cited by 34
College costs, financial aid, and student decisions
Dynarski, S., Page, L. C., & Scott-Clayton, J. (2023) · Handbook of the economics of education · doi:10.1016/bs.hesedu.2023.03.006 · Cited by 43
Self-citationAvdic, D., & Gartell, M. (2015) · Labour Economics · doi:10.1016/j.labeco.2015.01.002 · Cited by 33
The use of cognitive ability measures as explanatory variables in regression analysis
Junker, B. W., Schofield, L. S., & Taylor, L. J. (2012) · IZA Journal of Labor Economics · doi:10.1186/2193-8997-1-4 · Cited by 33
Socio-economic status and enrollment in higher education: do costs matter?
Declercq, K., & Verboven, F. (2015) · Education Economics · doi:10.1080/09645292.2015.1047822 · Cited by 30
The effects of HOPE on post-college retention in the Georgia workforce
Sjoquist, D. L., & Winters, J. V. (2013) · Regional Science and Urban Economics · doi:10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2013.02.003 · Cited by 29
A research study on freshman students’ higher education integration levels
Bülbül, T., & Güvendir, M. A. (2014) · Journal of Educational Sciences Research · doi:10.12973/jesr.2014.41.21 · Cited by 32
SIMON, C. J., NEGRUSA, S., & WARNER, J. T. (2010) · Economic Inquiry · doi:10.1111/j.1465-7295.2009.00233.x · Cited by 47
Public Policy and Higher Education: Strategies for Framing a Research Agenda
Hillman, N., Tandberg, D. A., & Sponsler, B. A. (2015) · ASHE Higher Education Report · doi:10.1002/aehe.20020 · Cited by 28
The Impact of Undergraduate Research on Academic Success
Sell, A. J. (2018) · Council on Undergraduate Research Quarterly · doi:10.18833/spur/1/3/8 · Cited by 27
Does Institutional Aid Compensate for or Comply with State Policy?
Doyle, W. R., Delaney, J. A., & Naughton, B. A. (2009) · Research in Higher Education · doi:10.1007/s11162-009-9126-y · Cited by 26
Loans for Higher Education: Does the Dream Come True?
Rau, T., Rojas, E., & Urzúa, S. (2013) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w19138 · Cited by 26
Huang, W., Li, F., Liao, X., & Hu, P. (2017) · China Economic Review · doi:10.1016/j.chieco.2017.09.005 · Cited by 25
The Effect of Increasing Education Efficiency on University Enrollment
Marcus, J., & Zambre, V. (2018) · The Journal of Human Resources · doi:10.3368/jhr.54.2.1016.8324r · Cited by 25
Market power and price discrimination in the US market for higher education
Epple, D. N., Romano, R., Sarpça, S., Sieg, H., & Zaber, M. A. (2019) · The RAND Journal of Economics · doi:10.1111/1756-2171.12267 · Cited by 25
A Value-Added Estimate of Higher Education Quality of U.S. States
Zhang, L. (2007) · Education Economics · doi:10.1080/09645290701838079 · Cited by 25
OECD SOCIAL, EMPLOYMENT AND MIGRATION WORKING PAPERS Social Disadvantage and Education Experiences
Machin, S. J. (2006) · Cited by 25
COLLEGE CHOICE AS A COLLECTIVE DECISION
Huntington‐Klein, N. (2017) · Economic Inquiry · doi:10.1111/ecin.12470 · Cited by 28
Adnett, N. J. (2006) · Higher Education Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2273.2006.00325.x · Cited by 25
Baumgartner, H. J., & Steiner, V. (2005) · Journal of Contextual Economics – Schmollers Jahrbuch · doi:10.3790/schm.125.1.29 · Cited by 23
Reid, M., Jessop, D. C., & Miles, E. (2019) · Journal of Further and Higher Education · doi:10.1080/0309877x.2019.1664732 · Cited by 29
College Education and Income Contingent Loans in Equilibrium
Matsuda, K., & Mazur, K. (2020) · Journal of Monetary Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jmoneco.2022.08.005 · Cited by 20
Metadata
- Authors
- Dynarski, S.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Dynarski, Susan
- Venue
- American Economic Review
- Publisher
- American Economic Association
- Published
- 2002-04-01
- Volume
- 92
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 279-285
- ISSN
- 0002-8282 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2037481182
- Cited by
- 281
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 30.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Economic Review (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Higher Education Research Studies
- Social Sciences › Education › School Choice and Performance
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies
- Keywords
- student financial aid, Pell grants, Stafford loans, college enrollment decisions, human capital
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review