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Clientelism in Indian Villages
Open accessAbstract
We study the operation of local governments (Panchayats) in rural Maharashtra, India, using a survey that we designed for this end. Elections are freely contested, fairly tallied, highly participatory, non-coerced, and lead to appointment of representative politicians. However, beneath this veneer of ideal democracy we find evidence of deeply ingrained clientelist vote-trading structures maintained through extra-political means. Elite minorities undermine policies that would redistribute income toward the majority poor. We explore the means by which elites use their dominance of land ownership and traditional social superiority to achieve political control in light of successful majoritarian institutional reforms. (JEL D72, H23, I38, J15, O15, O17, O18)
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“When political uncertainty is high and the credibility of electoral commitment to broad-based public goods is low, both politicians and voters rationally adapt by relying on targeted clientelist exchange.”
From THE LIMITS OF ELECTORAL COMPETITION: HOW POLITICAL OPENINGS CAN FUEL PATRONAGE AND INSTABILITY IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA - A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SIERRA LEONE, GHANA, AND KENYA (2026) · cites this paper as Anderson, Francois, and Kotwal (2015)
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Cameron, A. C., Gelbach, J. B., & Miller, D. L. (2011) · Journal of Business & Economic Statistics · doi:10.1198/jbes.2010.07136 · Cited by 3,203
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Conteh, J. M., & Conteh, A. K. (2026) · European Journal of Political Science Studies · doi:10.46827/ejpss.v9i2.2225
“The Anderson, Francois, and Kotwal (2015) analysis of clientelism in Indian villages illustrates the underlying logic in a different context.”
Metadata
- Authors
- Anderson, S., Francois, P., & Kotwal, A.
- Affiliations
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CA)
- Vancouver School of Economics, University of British Columbia, 997-1873 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canadian Institute For Advanced Research, and CEPR (e-mail: )
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- ORCID
- Anderson, Siwan
- Venue
- American Economic Review
- Publisher
- American Economic Association
- Published
- 2015-06-01
- Volume
- 105
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1780-1816
- ISSN
- 0002-8282 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1858340086
- Cited by
- 240
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 6
- FWCI
- 140.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- American Economic Review (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Politics and Society in Latin America
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Indian Economic and Social Development
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Electoral Systems and Political Participation
- Keywords
- clientelism, panchayats, local government, rural Maharashtra, vote trading, political elites, land ownership, social hierarchy, representative democracy, income redistribution, political control
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- Anderson, S., Francois, P., & Kotwal, A. (2015). Clientelism in Indian Villages. American Economic Review. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20130623
