The DOI matches its Crossref record; 39 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Impact of Media Censorship: 1984 or Brave New World?
Abstract
Media censorship is a hallmark of authoritarian regimes. We conduct a field experiment in China to measure the effects of providing citizens with access to an uncensored internet. We track subjects’ media consumption, beliefs regarding the media, economic beliefs, political attitudes, and behaviors over 18 months. We find four main results: (i) free access alone does not induce subjects to acquire politically sensitive information; (ii) temporary encouragement leads to a persistent increase in acquisition, indicating that demand is not permanently low; (iii) acquisition brings broad, substantial, and persistent changes to knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and intended behaviors; and (iv) social transmission of information is statistically significant but small in magnitude. We calibrate a simple model to show that the combination of low demand for uncensored information and the moderate social transmission means China’s censorship apparatus may remain robust to a large number of citizens receiving access to an uncensored internet. (JEL C93, D72, D83, L82, L86, L88, P36)
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Chen and Yang show that Chinese college students, who have grown up with filtered Internet, have very little demand for access to uncensored Internet because of a lack of knowledge of the value of inaccessible information (187).”
From Physical and virtual repertoires of contention (2022) · cites this paper as [187]
Citations
Cites
How Censorship in China Allows Government Criticism but Silences Collective Expression
KING, G., PAN, J., & ROBERTS, M. E. (2013) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055413000014 · Cited by 2,415 · cited 1×
“4 King, Pan, and Roberts ( 2013, 2014 show that the censorship algorithm prioritizes to eliminate information related to collective actions.”
Anderson, M. L. (2008) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1198/016214508000000841 · Cited by 2,410 · cited 3×
“E categories are summarized by a z -score index, weighting by the inverse covariance of the standardized variables, following Anderson ( 2008 ) .”
InfluentialThe Fox News Effect: Media Bias and Voting
DellaVigna, S., & Kaplan, E. (2007) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1162/qjec.122.3.1187 · Cited by 1,602
Gentzkow, M., & Shapiro, J. M. (2006) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/499414 · Cited by 1,274
Good-Bye Lenin (or Not?): The Effect of Communism on People's Preferences
Alesina, A., & Fuchs‐Schündeln, N. (2007) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.97.4.1507 · Cited by 1,262
Mullainathan, S., & Shleifer, A. (2005) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/0002828054825619 · Cited by 1,236
Microeconomics of technology adoption
Foster, A. D., & Rosenzweig, M. R. (2010) · Annual Review of Economics · doi:10.1146/annurev.economics.102308.124433 · Cited by 1,055
Charness, G., & Uri Gneezy, B. (2008) · Econometrica · doi:10.3982/ecta7416 · Cited by 717
Propaganda and Conflict: Evidence from the Rwandan Genocide *
Yanagizawa-Drott, D. (2014) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1093/qje/qju020 · Cited by 715
Karlan, D., Stephen, S., Welch, K., & Quddus, S. (2009) · American Economic Journal Applied Economics · doi:10.1257/app.1.2.35 · Cited by 667
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–249 of 249
Wartime in the history of economic thought: episodes in European history
Rothschild, E. (2023) · European Journal of the History of Economic Thought · doi:10.1080/09672567.2023.2265518
Lu, W., Fan, S., & Chang, S. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4603801
Miller, A. R., Ramdas, K., & Sungu, A. (2023) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w31919
Han, J., & Zhang, Y. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4793807
The War of Ideas: Institutions and Global Media Bias
Liu, S., Makarin, A., Wu, J., & Zhang, D. (2026) · CESifo · doi:10.65864/9lg3y1ceno
Where State Presence Backfires: How State Infrastructure Reshapes Protest GeographyPreprint
Lu, W., & Fan, S. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4797742
Competition and PrivacyPreprint
Wang, Y. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4766344
Trolling for Media Bias, Censorship, and Cognitive Warfare Engineering Psycho-Social Discord
Horowitz, L. (2024) · Acta Scientific Medical Sciences · doi:10.31080/asms.2024.08.1824
Digital Economy and Censorship
Lasisi, M., & Adejumo, S. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-95689-5.00264-9
The Company You Keep: The Positive Peer Effects of Kindergarten on Learning and Mental HealthPreprint
Li, Y., Menon, N., & Sunder, N. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5062354
Retaining Counsel: The Tipping Point EffectPreprint
Liu, J. Z., Engel, C., & Chang, Y. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5086685
Manufacturing Obedience: Entertainment Media and Authoritarian SupportPreprint
Bai, H., Fan, S., Lu, W., & Xie, S. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5091087
Systematic Review of the Impact of Media Censorship on Governance and Development in a Society
Kodia, P. (2024) · African Multidisciplinary Journal of Research · doi:10.71064/spu.amjr.1.1.277
Education and tolerance towards Homosexuality—Evidence from China
Han, J.-J., & Zhang, Y. (2025) · European Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2025.102662
Politics for Survival: Ideological Control and Corporate Strategic Behavior
Lu, W., Fan, S., & Chen, W. (2025) · Political Studies · doi:10.1177/00323217251331429
Counteracting Narratives: Evidence from An Online Experiment
Liu, M., & Zhang, S. (2025) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.1093/ej/ueaf038
Authoritarian Propaganda and Social NetworksPreprint
Сонин, К. И. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5272853
Khairina, N., Nasrudin, R., & Brodjonegoro, B. P. S. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5277059
Perini, L. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-7883-6_845-1
Digital News Consumption: Evidence from Smartphone Content in the 2024 US ElectionsPreprint
Aridor, G., Dekel, T., Durán, R. J., Levy, R., & Song, L. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5364054
Unbiased and Accurate: Measuring Sensitive Outcomes Through Ballot-Bag SurveysPreprint
Crépon, B., Elsayed, A., & Gazeaud, J. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5403485
Curriculum, Political Participation, and Career Choice
Li, H., Luo, S., & Wang, Y. (2025) · The Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.1162/rest.a.285
Information sources, media censorship, and individual relative political position
Chang, J., & Kang, Y. (2025) · Journal of Media Economics · doi:10.1080/08997764.2025.2559598
Information control on YouTube during Russia’s invasion of Ukraine
Golovchenko, Y., Pedersen, K. A., Raaschou-Pedersen, J. S., & Rogers, A. (2025) · Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review · doi:10.37016/mr-2020-190 · Cited by 4
Ling, G., & Tian, X. (2025) · Journal of Agricultural Economics · doi:10.1111/1477-9552.70020
Khairina, N., Nasrudin, R., & Brodjonegoro, B. P. S. (2025) · Telecommunications Policy · doi:10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103146
Perini, L. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-76422-6_845
The Impact of Censorship on Political News Translation in Jordan
Al-Harahsheh, A. M., Shboul, T. A., & Almahasees, Z. (2026) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-4439-3.ch007
Content Moderation and Adverse Selection in the Digital Marketplace of Ideas: Evidence from BrazilPreprint
de Oliveira, C. A. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.6250731
The lingering shadow: Understanding the long-term impact of natural disasters on social trust
Yu, X., Liu, Y., & Yang, Y. (2026) · Economics & Human Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ehb.2026.101586
Antonakakis, N., & Collins, A. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.6248819
Fang, L., & Meng, T. (2026) · Political Studies Review · doi:10.1177/14789299261435673
For God, Tsar and fatherland? The church’s role in modern autocracy
Travova, E. (2026) · Post-Soviet Affairs · doi:10.1080/1060586x.2026.2649176
Essays in Political Economy of Media and Social Media
Madinier, E. (2023) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/d497cdd3z3106z4f9fz93baz0ca5a77b404e
Internet shutdowns and support for peace negotiations in Russia's war against UkrainePreprint
Sabatini, F. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.6667500
Does Valuing Free Speech Affect Norms of Tolerance? Evidence From Individual Preferences
Kramer, C. W. (2026) · Kyklos (Basel) · doi:10.1111/kykl.70059
When the fall guy wins: public opinion in Russia's decentralized response to COVID-19 onset
Hale, H. E. (2026) · Regional & Federal Studies · doi:10.1080/13597566.2026.2670345
Deference vs. defiance: deciphering media’s influence on censorship support in China
Li, D., & Steve, G. (2026) · Asian Journal of Communication · doi:10.1080/01292986.2026.2667545
The Sound of Silence: Championing Democracy in an Authoritarian Society
Huang, H. (2026) · Perspectives on Politics · doi:10.1017/s1537592726104770
How Scientific Fields Evolve: Evidence from Digital Economy ResearchPreprint
Kaiser, F. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.6878974
Fighting misinformation: super-spreaders, learning, and optimal education policies
Solferino, N. (2026) · Journal of Economic Interaction and Coordination · doi:10.1007/s11403-026-00489-z
Maniou, T. A., & Ketteni, E. (2026) · Journalism Practice · doi:10.1080/17512786.2026.2706724
The Knowledge Gap in a High-Choice Media Environment: Experimental Evidence from Online Search
Ulloa, R., Tiedemann, L., Selb, P., & Kacperski, C. (2026) · Political Communication · doi:10.1080/10584609.2026.2708131
Lu, J. A., Rehkopf, D. H., & Bendavid, E. (2026) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-026-03498-y
Does Listening to Trustworthy News Affect Political Attitudes and Trust?
Barberá, P., Guess, A. M., Munzert, S., & Yang, J. (2026) · Political Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11109-026-10193-0
Internet Shutdowns in the Context of Digital Sovereignty
Nevin, A., & Puthalath, S. (2026) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-2600-4997-6.ch003
Political Communication in China
Chang, C. (2026) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197851395.003.1510
Metadata
- Authors
- Chen, Y., & Yang, D. Y.
- Affiliations
- Peking University (CN)
- Harvard University (US)
- ORCID
- Chen, Yuyu
- Venue
- American Economic Review
- Publisher
- American Economic Association
- Published
- 2019-06-01
- Volume
- 109
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 2294-2332
- ISSN
- 0002-8282 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2947564500
- Cited by
- 250
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 9
- FWCI
- 54.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Economic Review (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Media Influence and Politics
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › China's Socioeconomic Reforms and Governance
- Social Sciences › Law › Law, Rights, and Freedoms
- Keywords
- media censorship, authoritarian regimes, political information acquisition, political attitudes, political behavior, information needs, field experiments
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review