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The Impact of Media Censorship: 1984 or Brave New World?
Abstract
Media censorship is a hallmark of authoritarian regimes. We conduct a field experiment in China to measure the effects of providing citizens with access to an uncensored internet. We track subjects’ media consumption, beliefs regarding the media, economic beliefs, political attitudes, and behaviors over 18 months. We find four main results: (i) free access alone does not induce subjects to acquire politically sensitive information; (ii) temporary encouragement leads to a persistent increase in acquisition, indicating that demand is not permanently low; (iii) acquisition brings broad, substantial, and persistent changes to knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and intended behaviors; and (iv) social transmission of information is statistically significant but small in magnitude. We calibrate a simple model to show that the combination of low demand for uncensored information and the moderate social transmission means China’s censorship apparatus may remain robust to a large number of citizens receiving access to an uncensored internet. (JEL C93, D72, D83, L82, L86, L88, P36)
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“Chen and Yang show that Chinese college students, who have grown up with filtered Internet, have very little demand for access to uncensored Internet because of a lack of knowledge of the value of inaccessible information (187).”
From Physical and virtual repertoires of contention (2022) · cites this paper as [187]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Chen, Y., & Yang, D. Y.
- Affiliations
- Peking University (CN)
- Harvard University (US)
- ORCID
- Chen, Yuyu
- Venue
- American Economic Review
- Publisher
- American Economic Association
- Published
- 2019-06-01
- Volume
- 109
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 2294-2332
- ISSN
- 0002-8282 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2947564500
- Cited by
- 250
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 9
- FWCI
- 54.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Economic Review (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Media Influence and Politics
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › China's Socioeconomic Reforms and Governance
- Social Sciences › Law › Law, Rights, and Freedoms
- Keywords
- media censorship, authoritarian regimes, political information acquisition, political attitudes, political behavior, information needs, field experiments
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