Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 476

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Learning about an Infrequent Event: Evidence from Flood Insurance Take-Up in the United States

Open access
Gallagher, Justin·2014·American Economic Journal: Applied Economics

Abstract

I examine the learning process that economic agents use to update their expectation of an uncertain and infrequently observed event. I use a new nation-wide panel dataset of large regional floods and flood insurance policies to show that insurance take-up spikes the year after a flood and then steadily declines to baseline. Residents in nonflooded communities in the same television media market increase take-up at one-third the rate of flooded communities. I find that insurance take-up is most consistent with a Bayesian learning model that allows for forgetting or incomplete information about past floods. (JEL D12, D83, D84, G22, Q54)

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1257/app.6.3.206

Cites

3 of 3 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 3 references

Research works printed but not linked: 27

  1. 10.2307/1912561 · DOI · Paper page
  2. 10.2307/251956 · doi:10.2307/251956
  3. 10.3162/036298006X201896 · DOI
  4. 10.1111/j.1539-6975.2007.00248.x · DOI · Paper page
  5. 10.1016/j.jeem.2012.12.002 · DOI · Paper page
  6. 10.1023/A:1007823631497 · DOI · Paper page
  7. 10.1111/1468-0262.00054 · DOI · Paper page
  8. 10.1016/0304-4076(82)90094-X · DOI · Paper page
  9. 10.1257/0002828043052358 · DOI · Paper page
  10. 10.1162/qjec.122.3.1187 · DOI · Paper page
  11. 10.1061/(ASCE)1527-6988(2001)2:4(157) · doi:10.1061/(asce)1527-6988(2001)2:4(157
  12. 10.2307/2946706 · DOI · Paper page
  13. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)., 2002, Technical Report, 28298
  14. 10.1162/qjec.2008.123.2.703 · DOI · Paper page
  15. 10.1257/app.1.2.35 · DOI · Paper page
  16. 10.1029/1999WR900016 · DOI · Paper page
  17. 10.1509/jmkr.40.3.351.19232 · DOI
  18. 10.3368/le.86.3.395 · DOI
  19. 10.1111/j.0022-4367.2004.00096.x · DOI · Paper page
  20. 10.1007/BF00055792 · DOI · Paper page
  21. 10.1093/qje/qjq004 · DOI · Paper page
  22. 10.1257/jep.24.4.165 · DOI · Paper page
  23. 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2011.01671.x · DOI
  24. 10.2307/144354 · doi:10.2307/144354
  25. 10.1086/652903 · DOI · Paper page
  26. 10.1214/aoms/1177731494 · DOI · Paper page
  27. 10.1177/0160323X0703900102 · DOI

Cited by

See all 476

Metadata

Authors
Gallagher, J.
Venue
American Economic Journal: Applied Economics
Published
2014-07-01
Volume
6
Issue
3
Pages
206-233
ISSN
  • 1945-7782 (ISSN-L)
  • 1945-7790
OpenAlex
W2041961720
Cited by
476
References
3
FWCI
50.00
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Learning about an Infrequent Event: Evidence from Flood Insurance Take-Up in the United States. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1257/app.6.3.206
The paper
Gallagher, J. (2014). Learning about an Infrequent Event: Evidence from Flood Insurance Take-Up in the United States. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.6.3.206

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.