Cited by 2,071Economic Theory and InstitutionsExperimental Behavioral Economics StudiesCulture, Economy, and Development Studies

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Social Norms and Economic Theory

Open access
Elster, Jon·1989·Journal of Economic Perspectives

Abstract

One of the most persistent cleavages in the social sciences is the opposition between two lines of thought conveniently associated with Adam Smith and Emile Durkheim, between homo economicus and homo sociologicus. Of these, the former is supposed to be guided by instrumental rationality, while the behavior of the latter is dictated by social norms. In this paper I characterize this contrast more fully, and discuss attempts by economists to reduce normoriented action to some type of optimizing behavior. Social norms, as I understand them here, are emotional and behavioral propensities of individuals. Are norms rationalizations of self-interest? Are norms followed out of self-interest? Do norms exist to promote self-interest? Do norms exist to promote common interests? Do norms exist to promote genetic fitness?

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Research works printed but not linked: 9

  1. Dalton M., 1948, Applied Anthropology, 5
  2. 10.1037/0022-3514.35.11.837 · DOI
  3. Kahneman D., 1986, Journal of Business, 59, 5285
  4. Lindbeck A., 1988, American Economic Review, 78, 167
  5. McDonald I. M., 1981, American Economic Review, 71, 896
  6. Messick D. M., 1983, Messick, D. M., and K. Cook, eds., Equity Theory. New York: Praeger, 61
  7. Mikula G., 1972, Zeitschrift für Sozialpsychologie, 3, 126
  8. Mitchell D. J., 1986, Beckerman, W., ed., Wage Rigidity and Unemployment. London: Duckworth, 43
  9. Zajac E. P., 1985, Young, H. P., ed., Cost Allocation. Amsterdam: North Holland, 119

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Metadata

Authors
Elster, J.
Affiliations
University of Chicago (US)
Corresponding author
Elster, Jon
Venue
Journal of Economic Perspectives
Published
1989-11-01
Volume
3
Issue
4
Pages
99-117
ISSN
0895-3309 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2081314276
Cited by
2,071
References
49
Citations by year
2026: 40 · 2025: 84 · 2024: 96 · 2023: 108 · 2022: 97 · 2021: 96 · 2020: 84 · 2019: 101 · 2018: 102 · 2017: 77 · 2016: 80 · 2015: 62 · 2014: 61 · 2013: 80 · 2012: 81
FWCI
16.51
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
The Journal of Economic Perspectives (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Economic Theory and Institutions
  • Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies
  • Social Sciences › Development › Culture, Economy, and Development Studies
Keywords
social norms, homo economicus, homo sociologicus, instrumental rationality, normative behavior, self-interest, common interests, genetic fitness, Adam Smith, Émile Durkheim

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