Cited by 4,957Information Systems Theories and ImplementationManagement and Organizational StudiesInformation Technology Governance and Strategy

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The Duality of Technology: Rethinking the Concept of Technology in Organizations

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Orlikowski, Wanda J.·1992·Organization Science

DOI 10.1287/orsc.3.3.398

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Abstract

This paper develops a new theoretical model with which to examine the interaction between technology and organizations. Early research studies assumed technology to be an objective, external force that would have deterministic impacts on organizational properties such as structure. Later researchers focused on the human aspect of technology, seeing it as the outcome of strategic choice and social action. This paper suggests that either view is incomplete, and proposes a reconceptualization of technology that takes both perspectives into account. A theoretical model—the structurational model of technology—is built on the basis of this new conceptualization, and its workings explored through discussion of a field study of information technology. The paper suggests that the reformulation of the technology concept and the structurational model of technology allow a deeper and more dialectical understanding of the interaction between technology and organizations. This understanding provides insight into the limits and opportunities of human choice, technology development and use, and organizational design. Implications for future research of the new concept of technology and the structurational model of technology are discussed.

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Authors: Orlikowski, W. J.
Affiliations: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
Corresponding author: Orlikowski, Wanda J.
ORCID: Orlikowski, Wanda J.
Venue: Organization Science
Publisher: Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS)
Published: 1992-08
Volume: 3
Issue: 3
Pages: 398-427
ISSN: 1047-7039 (ISSN-L)
1526-5455
DOI: 10.1287/orsc.3.3.398
OpenAlex: W2101419153
Cited by: 4,957
References: 35
Citations by year: 2026: 248 · 2025: 144 · 2024: 108 · 2023: 123 · 2022: 157 · 2021: 175 · 2020: 180 · 2019: 195 · 2018: 164 · 2017: 123 · 2016: 167 · 2015: 198 · 2014: 237 · 2013: 220 · 2012: 211
FWCI: 105.32
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
hdl.handle.net
Locations: Organization Science (publishedVersion)
DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
Topics: Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Management Information Systems › Information Systems Theories and Implementation
Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Management and Organizational Studies
Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Management Information Systems › Information Technology Governance and Strategy
Keywords: technology concepts, information technology, organizational structure, strategic choice, social action, dialectical understanding, organizational design, technological progress

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The Duality of Technology: Rethinking the Concept of Technology in Organizations

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