The effect of ambient air pollution during early pregnancy on fetal ultrasonic measurements during mid-pregnancy
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Background: Over the past decade there has been mounting evidence that ambient air pollution during pregnancy influences fetal growth. Objectives: This study was designed to examine possible associations between fetal ultrasonic measurements collected from 15,623 scans (13–26 weeks gestation) and ambient air pollution during early pregnancy. Methods: We calculated mothers’ average monthly exposures over the first 4 months of pregnancy for the following pollutants: particulate matter < 10 μm aerodynamic diameter (PM10), ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide. We examined associations with fetal femur length (FL), biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), and abdominal circumference (AC). Final analyses included scans from only those women within 2 km of an air pollution monitoring site. We controlled for long-term trend, season, temperature, gestation, mother’s age, socioeconomic status, and fetal sex. Results: A reduction in fetal AC was associated with O3 during days 31–60 [−1.42 mm; 95% confidence interval (CI), −2.74 to −0.09], SO2 during days 61–90 (−1.67 mm; 95% CI, −2.94 to −0.40), and PM10 during days 91–120 (−0.78 mm; 95% CI, −1.49 to −0.08). Other results showed a reduction in BPD (−0.68 mm; 95% CI, −1.09 to −0.27) associated with SO2 during days 0–30, a reduction in HC (−1.02 mm; 95% CI, −1.78 to −0.26) associated with PM10 during days 91–120, and a reduction in FL associated with PM10 during days 0–30 (−0.28 mm; 95% CI, −0.48 to −0.08) and 91–120 (−0.23; 95% CI, −0.42 to −0.04). Conclusion: We found strong effects of ambient air pollution on ultrasound measures. Future research, including more individually detailed data, is needed to confirm our results.
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Studies in animal models (rodents) and humans described developmental effects of air pollution following prenatal and early life exposure, such as altered neuronal differentiation, impaired cognitive functions, and white matter abnormalities.
“Studies in animal models (rodents) and humans described developmental effects of air pollution following prenatal and early life exposure, such as altered neuronal differentiation, impaired cognitive functions, and white matter abnormalities (89–91).”
From Gene × Environment Interactions in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Role of Epigenetic Mechanisms (2014) · cites this paper as [90]
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- Authors
- Hansen, C. A., Barnett, A. G., & Pritchard, G.
- Affiliations
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- PacUser, Paddington, Queensland, Australia
- Corresponding author
- Hansen, Craig A.
- Venue
- Environmental Health Perspectives
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2007-12-17
- Volume
- 116
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 362-369
- ISSN
- 0091-6765 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-9924
- PMC
- PMC2265059
- OpenAlex
- W2011731379
- Cited by
- 107
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 6.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- public-domain
- creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor, 3665 d)
- Locations
- Environmental Health Perspectives (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Environmental Justice and Health Disparities
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
- Keywords
- ambient air pollution, early pregnancy, fetal growth, PM10, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, abdominal circumference, biparietal diameter, head circumference, femur length, prenatal exposure
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Air Pollutants, Air Pollution, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Trimester, First, Pregnancy Trimester, Second, Ultrasonography, Prenatal, Maternal Exposure, Fetal Development
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