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Phthalate Exposure and Allergy in the U.S. Population: Results from NHANES 2005–2006
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Background: Environmental exposures to phthalates, particularly high-molecular-weight (HMW) phthalates, are suspected to contribute to allergy. Objective: We assessed whether phthalate metabolites are associated with allergic symptoms and sensitization in a large nationally representative sample. Methods: We used data on urinary phthalate metabolites and allergic symptoms (hay fever, rhinitis, allergy, wheeze, asthma) and sensitization from participants ≥ 6 years of age in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2006. Allergen sensitization was defined as a positive response to at least one of 19 specific IgE antigens (≥ 0.35 kU/L). Odds ratios (ORs) per one log10 unit change in phthalate concentration were estimated using logistic regression adjusting for age, race, body mass index, gender, creatinine, and cotinine. Separate analyses were conducted for children (6–17 years of age) and adults. Results: The HMW phthalate metabolite monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) was the only metabolite positively associated with current allergic symptoms in adults (wheeze, asthma, hay fever, and rhinitis). Mono-(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate and the sum of diethylhexyl phthalate metabolites (both representing HMW phthalate exposures) were positively associated with allergic sensitization in adults. Conversely, in children, HMW phthalate metabolites were inversely associated with asthma and hay fever. Of the low-molecular-weight phthalate metabolites, monoethyl phthalate was inversely associated with allergic sensitization in adults (OR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.70, 0.90). Conclusion: In this cross-sectional analysis of a nationally representative sample, HMW phthalate metabolites, particularly MBzP, were positively associated with allergic symptoms and sensitization in adults, but there was no strong evidence for associations between phthalates and allergy in children 6–17 years of age. Citation: Hoppin JA, Jaramillo R, London SJ, Bertelsen RJ, Salo PM, Sandler DP, Zeldin DC. 2013. Phthalate exposure and allergy in the U.S. population: results from NHANES 2005–2006. Environ Health Perspect 121:1129–1134; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1206211 [Online 25 June 2013].
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“DEHP and BzBP and their monoesters are regarded as allergens, and exposure to them has been associated with asthma and wheezing in adults [200,201].”
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“Exposure to high molecular weight phthalates are is associated with allergies and asthma [200,201].”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Hoppin, J. A., Jaramillo, R., London, S. J., Bertelsen, R. J., Salo, P. M., Sandler, D. P., & Zeldin, D. C.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- SRA International (United States) (US)
- United States Department of Health and Human Services (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hoppin, Jane A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Environmental Health Perspectives
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2013-06-25
- Volume
- 121
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1129-1134
- ISSN
- 0091-6765 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-9924
- PMC
- PMC3801456
- OpenAlex
- W2037740273
- Cited by
- 151
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 9.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- public-domain
- creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor, 1648 d)
- Locations
- Environmental Health Perspectives (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Z01ES025041)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Asthma and respiratory diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Occupational exposure and asthma
- Keywords
- phthalates, high molecular weight phthalates, allergen sensitization, allergic symptoms, monobenzyl phthalate, mono-3-carboxypropyl phthalate, DEHP, monoethyl phthalate, urinary phthalate metabolites, asthma, allergic rhinitis, rhinitis, wheezing, children, adults, environmental exposure
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Environmental Exposure, Female, Humans, Hypersensitivity, Immune System, Male, Phthalic Acids, United States, Logistic Models, Young Adult
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