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Cited by 340

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 45 of the 45 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Organization versus activation: the role of endocrine-disrupting contaminants (EDCs) during embryonic development in wildlife.

Open access
Guillette, L J, Crain, D A, Rooney, A A, Pickford, D B·1995·Environmental Health Perspectives

Abstract

Many environmental contaminants disrupt the vertebrate endocrine system. Although they may be no more sensitive to endocrine-disrupting contaminants (EDCs) than other vertebrates, reptiles are good sentinels of exposure to EDCs due to the lability in their sex determination. This is exemplified by a study of alligators at Lake Apopka, Florida, showing that EDCs have altered the balance of reproductive hormones resulting in reproductive dysfunction. Such alterations may be activationally or organizationally induced. Much research emphasizes the former, but a complete understanding of the influence of EDCs in nature can be generated only after consideration of both activational and organizational alterations. The organizational model suggests that a small quantity of an EDC, administered during a specific period of embryonic development, can permanently modify the organization of the reproductive, immune, and nervous systems. Additionally, this model helps explain evolutionary adaptations to naturally occurring estrogenic compounds, such as phytoestrogens.

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Metadata

Authors
Guillette, L. J., Crain, D. A., Rooney, A. A., & Pickford, D. B.
Venue
Environmental Health Perspectives
Published
1995-10
Volume
103
Issue
suppl 7
Pages
157-164
ISSN
  • 0091-6765 (ISSN-L)
  • 1552-9924
OpenAlex
W2007644354
Cited by
340
References
45
FWCI
14.84
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
gold

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Organization versus activation: the role of endocrine-disrupting contaminants (EDCs) during embryonic development in wildlife. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1289/ehp.95103s7157
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Guillette, L. J., Crain, D. A., Rooney, A. A., & Pickford, D. B. (1995). Organization versus activation: the role of endocrine-disrupting contaminants (EDCs) during embryonic development in wildlife. Environmental Health Perspectives. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.95103s7157

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Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.