ORGANIZING ACTION OF PRENATALLY ADMINISTERED TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE ON THE TISSUES MEDIATING MATING BEHAVIOR IN THE FEMALE GUINEA PIG 1
Abstract
The sexual behavior of male and female guinea pigs from mothers receiving testosterone propionate during most of pregnancy was studied after the attainment of adulthood. As a part of the investigation, the responsiveness of the females to estradiol benzoate and progesterone and to testosterone propionate was determined. The larger quantities of testosterone propionate produced hermaphrodites having external genitalia indistinguishable macroscopicalty from those of newborn males. Gonadectomized animals of this type were used for tests of their responsiveness to estradiol benzoate and progesterone and to testosterone propionate. The capacity to display lordosis following administration of estrogen and progesterone was greatly reduced. Male-like mounting behavior, on the other hand, was displayed by many of these animals even when lordosis could not be elicited. Suppression of the capacity for displaying lordosis was achieved with a quantity of androgen less than that required for masculinization of the external genitalia. The hermaphrodites receiving testosterone propionate as adults displayed an amount of mounting behavior which approached that displayed by the castrated injected males receiving the same hormone. The data are uniform in demonstrating that an androgen administered prenatally has an organizing action on the tissues mediating mating behavior in the sense of producing a responsiveness to exogenous hormones which differs from that of normal adult females. No structural abnormalities were apparent in the male siblings and their behavior was essentially normal. The results are believed to justify the conclusion that the prenatal period is a time when fetal morphogenic substances have an organizing or “differentiating” action on the neural tissues mediating mating behavior. During adulthood the hormones are activational. Attention is directed to the parallel nature of the relationship, on the one hand, between androgens and the differentiation of the genital tracts, and on the other, between androgens and the organization of the neural tissues destined to mediate mating behavior in the adult.
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Perinatal exposure to gonadal steroids is important for the sexual differentiation of the brain and behavior.
“This hypothesis, which states that perinatal exposure to gonadal steroids is important for the sexual differentiation of the brain and behavior, is part of the foundation on which the field of behavioral neuroendocrinology has been built.”
From Oxytocin during Development: Possible Organizational Effects on Behavior (2015) · cites this paper as [1]
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- Authors
- PHOENIX, C. H., GOY, R. W., GERALL, A. A., & YOUNG, W. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Kansas (US)
- ORCID
- YOUNG, WILLIAM C.
- Venue
- Endocrinology
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 1959-09
- Volume
- 65
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 369-382
- ISSN
- 0013-7227 (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7170
- OpenAlex
- W2162109306
- Cited by
- 1,934
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 29 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 53 · 2022: 73 · 2021: 73 · 2020: 81 · 2019: 53 · 2018: 65 · 2017: 70 · 2016: 90 · 2015: 79 · 2014: 70 · 2013: 100 · 2012: 68
- FWCI
- 0.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and Clinical Aspects of Sex Determination and Chromosomal Abnormalities
- Keywords
- sexual behavior, mating behavior, lordosis, mounting behavior, female guinea pigs, hermaphroditism, estradiol benzoate, progesterone, hormone responsiveness, gonadectomy, sexual differentiation
- MeSH terms
- Female, Guinea Pigs, Sexual Behavior, Testosterone, Testosterone Propionate
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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