Manganese in Drinking Water and Cognitive Abilities and Behavior at 10 Years of Age: A Prospective Cohort Study
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Cross-sectional studies have indicated impaired neurodevelopment with elevated drinking water manganese concentrations (W-Mn), but potential susceptible exposure windows are unknown. OBJECTIVES: We prospectively evaluated the effects of W-Mn, from fetal life to school age, on children's cognitive abilities and behavior. METHODS: We assessed cognitive abilities and behavior in 1,265 ten-year-old children in rural Bangladesh using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), respectively. Manganese in drinking water used during pregnancy and by the children at 5 y and 10 y was measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. RESULTS: The median W-Mn was 0.20 mg/L (range 0.001–6.6) during pregnancy and 0.34mg/L (<0.001–8.7) at 10 y. In multivariable-adjusted linear regression analyses, restricted to children with low arsenic (As) exposure, none of the W-Mn exposures was associated with the children’s cognitive abilities. Stratifying by gender (p for interaction in general <0.081) showed that prenatal W-Mn (3 mg/L) was positively associated with cognitive ability measures in girls but not in boys. W-Mn at all time points was associated with an increased risk of conduct problems, particularly in boys (range 24–43% per mg/L). At the same time, the prenatal W-Mn was associated with a decreased risk of emotional problems [odds ratio (OR)=0.39 (95% CI: 0.19, 0.82)] in boys. In girls, W-Mn was mainly associated with low prosocial scores [prenatal W-Mn: OR=1.48 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.88)]. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated prenatal W-Mn exposure was positively associated with cognitive function in girls, whereas boys appeared to be unaffected. Early life W-Mn exposure appeared to adversely affect children's behavior. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP631.
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- Authors
- Rahman, S. M., Kippler, M., Tofail, F., Bölte, S., Derakhshani Hamadani, J., & Vahter, M.
- Affiliations
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (BD)
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Region Stockholm (SE)
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Corresponding author
- Kippler, Maria
- Venue
- Environmental Health Perspectives
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2017-05-24
- Volume
- 125
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 057003-057003
- ISSN
- 0091-6765 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-9924
- PMC
- PMC5726374
- OpenAlex
- W2500789887
- Cited by
- 133
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 13
- FWCI
- 8.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- public-domain
- Locations
- Environmental Health Perspectives (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eSpace (Curtin University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Styrelsen för Internationellt Utvecklingssamarbete
- Department for International Development, UK Government
- Australian Agency for International Development
- Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas
- Department for International Development
- Karolinska Institutet
- Vetenskapsrådet
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Arsenic contamination and mitigation
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Water Treatment and Disinfection
- Keywords
- manganese, drinking water contamination, children's cognitive abilities, child behavior, conduct problems, emotional problems, prosocial behavior, sex differences, arsenic exposure, brain development, Bangladesh
- MeSH terms
- Bangladesh, Child, Cognition, Female, Humans, Intelligence Tests, Male, Manganese, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Prospective Studies, Sex Factors, Cohort Studies, Conduct Disorder, Drinking Water
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