Long-Term Exposure to Fine Particle Elemental Components and Natural and Cause-Specific Mortality—a Pooled Analysis of Eight European Cohorts within the ELAPSE Project

Chen, Jie; Rodopoulou, Sophia; de Hoogh, Kees; Strak, Maciej; Andersen, Zorana J.; Atkinson, Richard; Bauwelinck, Mariska; Bellander, Tom; Brandt, Jørgen; Cesaroni, Giulia; Concin, Hans; Fecht, Daniela; Forastiere, Francesco; Gulliver, John; Hertel, Ole; Hoffmann, Barbara; Hvidtfeldt, Ulla Arthur; Janssen, Nicole A. H.; Jöckel, Karl-Heinz; Jørgensen, Jeanette; Katsouyanni, Klea; Ketzel, Matthias; Klompmaker, Jochem O.; Lager, Anton; Leander, Karin; Liu, Shuo; Ljungman, Petter; MacDonald, Conor J.; Magnusson, Patrik K.E.; Mehta, Amar; Nagel, Gabriele; Oftedal, Bente; Pershagen, Göran; Peters, Annette; Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole; Renzi, Matteo; Rizzuto, Debora; Samoli, Evangelia; van der Schouw, Yvonne T.; Schramm, Sara; Schwarze, Per; Sigsgaard, Torben; Sørensen, Mette; Stafoggia, Massimo; Tjønneland, Anne; Vienneau, Danielle; Weinmayr, Gudrun; Wolf, Kathrin; Brunekreef, Bert; Hoek, Gerard

doi:10.1289/ehp8368

Long-Term Exposure to Fine Particle Elemental Components and Natural and Cause-Specific Mortality—a Pooled Analysis of Eight European Cohorts within the ELAPSE Project

Background: Inconsistent associations between long-term exposure to particles with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm [fine particulate matter (PM2.5)] components and mortality have been reported, partly related to challenges in exposure assessment. Objectives: We investigated the associations betwe…