All Together Now: A Conceptual Exploration of Integrated Care
Open accessAbstract
Integrated care is a key strategy in reforming health systems around the world. Despite its importance, the concept's polymorphous nature and lack of specificity and clarity significantly hamper systematic understanding, successful application and meaningful evaluation. This article explores the many definitions, concepts, logics and methods found in health system and service integration. In addition to framing this evolving, albeit imprecise field, the article summarizes the main elements or building blocks of integrated care and suggests a way to address its various complexities and unknowns in a real-world sense.
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Common barriers such as absence of healthcare policies and supporting strategies, inadequate interdisciplinary training and workload increase seem to depend on both contextual and individual factors rather than discipline itself.
“Common barriers such as the absence of healthcare policies and supporting strategies, inadequate interdisciplinary training and workload increase seem to depend on both contextual and individual factors rather than the discipline itself.”
From Barriers and facilitators in the integration of oral health into primary care: a scoping review (2017) · cites this paper as [78]
The Introduction (page unavailable) locates obstacles to integrated care in policy, organization, service delivery, and professional culture; Key Conclusions also identifies organizational culture as a barrier. The paper lists joint training as an integration strategy, but does not identify inadequate interdisciplinary training or increased workload as common barriers, or conclude that barriers depend on contextual and individual factors rather than discipline. (LLM, conf=0.81)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe results of the present scoping review are in line with publications on the challenges faced in implementation of integrated care.
“The results of the present scoping review are in line with publications on the challenges faced in the implementation of integrated care.”
From Barriers and facilitators in the integration of oral health into primary care: a scoping review (2017) · cites this paper as [78]
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Valentijn, P., Pereira, F., Sterner, C. W., Vrijhoef, H. J., Ruwaard, D., Hegbrant, J., & Strippoli, G. F. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0222593 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Goodwin, N., & Lawton-Smith, S. H. (2010) · International Journal of Integrated Care · doi:10.5334/ijic.516 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Integrated care in Switzerland: Results from the first nationwide survey
Filliettaz, S. S., Berchtold, P., Kohler, D., & Peytremann‐Bridevaux, I. (2018) · Health Policy · doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2018.03.006 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
The Generation of Integration: The Early Experience of Implementing Bundled Care in Ontario, Canada
Embuldeniya, G., Kirst, M. J., Walker, K., & Wodchis, W. P. (2018) · Milbank Quarterly · doi:10.1111/1468-0009.12357 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
The current state of integrated care: an overview
Minkman, M. M. N. (2012) · Journal of Integrated Care · doi:10.1108/14769011211285147 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
A 10 Step Framework to Implement Integrated Care for Older Persons
Harnett, P. J., Kennelly, S., & Williams, P. A. (2019) · Ageing International · doi:10.1007/s12126-019-09349-7 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Ansa, G. A., Walley, J. D., Siddiqi, K., & Wei, X. (2012) · Infectious Diseases of Poverty · doi:10.1186/2049-9957-1-13 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Integrated oncogeriatric approach: a systematic review of the literature using concept analysis
Tremblay, D., Charlebois, K., Terret, C., Joannette, S., & Latreille, J. (2012) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001483 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Valentijn, P., Biermann, C. W., & Bruijnzeels, M. A. (2016) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-016-1586-0 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Despite all we Know about Collaborative Working, Why do we Still Get it Wrong?
Williams, P., & Sullivan, H. T. (2010) · Journal of Integrated Care · doi:10.5042/jic.2010.0373 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Building a taxonomy of integrated palliative care initiatives: results from a focus group
Ewert, B., Hodiamont, F., van Wijngaarden, J. D. H., Payne, S. A., Groot, M. M., Hasselaar, J. G. J., Menten, J. J., & Radbruch, L. (2015) · BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care · doi:10.1136/bmjspcare-2014-000841 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Jackson, K., Oelke, N. D., Besner, J., & Harrison, A. (2012) · Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement · doi:10.1017/s0714980812000086 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Banfield, M., Jowsey, T., Parkinson, A., Douglas, K. A., & Dawda, P. (2017) · BMC Family Practice · doi:10.1186/s12875-016-0575-z · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Court, L., & Olivier, J. (2020) · Health Policy and Planning · doi:10.1093/heapol/czaa026 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Interventions to Prevent Potentially Avoidable Hospitalizations: A Mixed Methods Systematic Review
Lyhne, C. N., Bjerrum, M. B., Riis, A. H., & Jørgensen, M. J. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.898359 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
van Rensburg, A. J., & Fourie, P. (2016) · International Journal of Mental Health Systems · doi:10.1186/s13033-016-0081-7 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Project INTEGRATE - a common methodological approach to understand integrated health care in Europe
Cash‐Gibson, L., & Rosenmöller, M. (2014) · International Journal of Integrated Care · doi:10.5334/ijic.1980 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Patient perceptions of integrated care: confused by the term, clear on the concept
Walker, K. O., Labat, A., Choi, J. M., Schmittdiel, J. A., Stewart, A. L., & Grumbach, K. (2013) · International Journal of Integrated Care · doi:10.5334/ijic.985 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Transforming our health care system
Naylor, C., Imison, C., Addicott, R., Buck, D., Goodwin, N., Harrison, T., Ross, S., Sonola, L., Tian, Y., & Curry, N. (2013) · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Kassianos, A. P., Ignatowicz, A., Greenfield, G., Majeed, A., Car, J., & Pappas, Y. (2015) · International Journal of Integrated Care · doi:10.5334/ijic.2019 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Valentijn, P., Ruwaard, D., Vrijhoef, H. J., Bont, A. A. D., Arends, R., & Bruijnzeels, M. A. (2015) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-015-1125-4 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Development of a survey instrument to measure patient experience of integrated care
Walker, K. O., Stewart, A. L., & Grumbach, K. (2016) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-016-1437-z · Cited by 35 · see citing works
An Instrument to Measure Maturity of Integrated Care: A First Validation Study
Grooten, L., Borgermans, L., & Vrijhoef, H. (2018) · International Journal of Integrated Care · doi:10.5334/ijic.3063 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Codesigning a Measure of Person-Centred Coordinated Care to Capture the Experience of the Patient
Sugavanam, T., Fosh, B., Close, J., Byng, R., Horrell, J., & Lloyd, H. M. (2018) · Journal of Patient Experience · doi:10.1177/2374373517748642 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Citizens as Active Participants in Integrated Care: Challenging the Field’s Dominant Paradigms
Glimmerveen, L. M., Nies, H. L. G. R., & Ybema, S. B. (2019) · International Journal of Integrated Care · doi:10.5334/ijic.4202 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Meza-Torres, B., Carinci, F., Heiß, C., Joy, M., & de Lusignan, S. (2021) · Acta Diabetologica · doi:10.1007/s00592-020-01662-x · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Nicholson, C., Hepworth, J., Burridge, L. H., Marley, J. E., & Jackson, C. L. (2018) · International Journal of Integrated Care · doi:10.5334/ijic.3106 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Lai, Y. F., Lum, A. Y. W., Ho, E. T. L., & Lim, Y. W. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0187372 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Integrated Care for Frail Elderly: A Qualitative Study of a Promising Approach in The Netherlands
Hoedemakers, M. J., Leijten, F., Looman, W., Czypionka, T., Kraus, M., Donkers, H., den Hende-Wijnands, E. V., van den Broek, N. M. A., & Mölken, M. R. (2019) · International Journal of Integrated Care · doi:10.5334/ijic.4626 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Xu, J., Pan, R., Pong, R., Miao, Y., & Qian, D. (2016) · International Journal of Integrated Care · doi:10.5334/ijic.2456 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Cortis, L. J., Ward, P., McKinnon, R. A., & Koczwara, B. (2017) · European Journal of Cancer Care · doi:10.1111/ecc.12689 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Bainbridge, D. B., Brazil, K., Ploeg, J., Krueger, P. D., & Taniguchi, A. (2016) · Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1177/0269216315619862 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Joober, H., Chouinard, M., King, J., Lambert, M., Hudon, É., & Hudon, C. (2018) · International Journal of Integrated Care · doi:10.5334/ijic.4163 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
What Do Parents Expect in the 21st Century? A Qualitative Analysis of Integrated Youth Care
Nooteboom, L. A., Kuiper, C. H. Z., Mulder, E. A., Roetman, P. J., Eilander, J., & Vermeiren, R. R. J. M. (2020) · International Journal of Integrated Care · doi:10.5334/ijic.5419 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Examining the extent and factors associated with interprofessional teamwork in primary care settings
Khan, A. I., Barnsley, J. M., Harris, J. K., & Wodchis, W. P. (2021) · Journal of Interprofessional Care · doi:10.1080/13561820.2021.1874896 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Conceptual framework: factors enabling collaborative healthcare and social services integration
Cheng, S. M., & Catallo, C. (2020) · Journal of Integrated Care · doi:10.1108/jica-11-2019-0048 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Doucet, S., Splane, J., Luke, A., Asher, K., Breneol, S., Pidduck, J., Grant, A., Dionne, E., Scott, C., Keeping-Burke, L., et al. (2022) · Child: Care, Health and Development · doi:10.1111/cch.12984 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Bhat, K., Easwarathasan, R., Jacob, M., Poole, W., Sapaetharan, V., Sidhu, M., & Thomas, A. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049296 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
- Authors
- Kodner, D.
- Affiliations
- American Medical Association (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kodner, Dennis
- Venue
- Healthcare Quarterly
- Publisher
- Longwoods Publishing
- Published
- 2009-10-16
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- sp
- Pages
- 6-15
- ISSN
- 1710-2774 (ISSN-L)
- 1929-6347
- OpenAlex
- W2138401727
- Cited by
- 434
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 2.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Healthcare Quarterly (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Services Management and Policy
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Health Information Management › Healthcare Quality and Management
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare Systems and Practices
- Keywords
- integrated care, health care reform, service integration, conceptual definitions, health system integration, care coordination
- MeSH terms
- Canada, Continuity of Patient Care, Decision Support Techniques, Humans, Managed Care Programs, Models, Theoretical, Operations Research, Philosophy, Medical, United States, Models, Organizational, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Health Care Reform, Systems Integration, Delivery of Health Care, Integrated, Case Management, Critical Pathways, Disease Management
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