Quantum Gravity in Everyday Life: General Relativity as an Effective Field Theory
Open accessAbstract
This article is meant as a summary and introduction to the ideas of effective field theory as applied to gravitational systems, ideas which provide the theoretical foundations for the modern use of general relativity as a theory from which precise predictions are possible.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Particle creation by black holes
Hawking, S. W. (1975) · Communications In Mathematical Physics · doi:10.1007/bf02345020 · Cited by 13,106 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Nor do they ruin the semiclassical calculations which lead to effects like the Hawking radiation [88, 89] in the vicinity of black holes – provided that the black hole mass is much larger than Mp (which we shall see is required if quantum effects are to remains small at the event horizon).”
BackgroundThe cosmological constant problem
Weinberg, S. (1989) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.61.1 · Cited by 7,341 · cited 1× · see citing works
“There is, of course, no real theoretical understanding why the cosmological constant should be this small (a comprehensive review of the cosmological constant problem is given in [152]; for a recent suggestion in the spirit of effective field theories see [3, 27]).”
BackgroundOn gauge invariance and vacuum polarization
Schwinger, J. (1951) · Physical Review · doi:10.1103/physrev.82.664 · Cited by 7,116 · see citing works
HAWKING, S. W. (1974) · Nature · doi:10.1038/248030a0 · Cited by 5,669 · see citing works
A modification of the Newtonian dynamics as a possible alternative to the hidden mass hypothesis
Milgrom, M. (1983) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/161130 · Cited by 3,316 · see citing works
Experimental Black-Hole Evaporation?
Unruh, W. G. (1981) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.46.1351 · Cited by 1,774 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Barceló, C., Liberati, S., & Visser, M. (2005) · Living Reviews in Relativity · doi:10.12942/lrr-2005-12 · Cited by 1,163 · see citing works
The effective field theory of dark energy
Gubitosi, G., Piazza, F., & Vernizzi, F. (2013) · Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics · doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2013/02/032 · Cited by 510 · see citing works
Quantum tests of the Einstein Equivalence Principle with the STE–QUEST space mission
Altschul, B., Bailey, Q. G., Blanchet, L., Bongs, K., Bouyer, P., Cacciapuoti, L., Capozziello, S., Gaaloul, N., Giulini, D., Hartwig, J., et al. (2015) · Advances in Space Research · doi:10.1016/j.asr.2014.07.014 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Bojowald, M. (2015) · Reports on Progress in Physics · doi:10.1088/0034-4885/78/2/023901 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
LQG propagator from the new spin foams
Bianchi, E., Magliaro, E., & Perini, C. (2009) · Nuclear Physics B · doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2009.07.016 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
“8 Comparison with perturbative quantum gravity The motivation for studying the LQG propagator comes from the fact that it probes a regime of the theory where predictions can be compared to the ones obtained perturbatively in a quantum field theory of gravitons on flat space [4, 5, 6].”
BackgroundMethodThe Teleological Argument: An Exploration of the Fine-Tuning of the Universe
Collins, R. (2009) · The Blackwell Companion to Natural Theology · doi:10.1002/9781444308334.ch4 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
The perturbative Regge-calculus regime of loop quantum gravity
Bianchi, E., & Modesto, L. (2008) · Nuclear Physics B · doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2007.12.011 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
- Authors
- Burgess, C. P.
- Affiliations
- McGill University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Burgess, Cliff P.
- ORCID
- Burgess, Cliff P.
- Venue
- Living Reviews in Relativity
- Published
- 2004-04-08
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 5-5
- ISSN
- 1433-8351 (ISSN-L)
- 2367-3613
- PMC
- PMC5253842
- OpenAlex
- W2122238493
- Cited by
- 748
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 55 · 2025: 81 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 57 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 64 · 2020: 67 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 2.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Living Reviews in Relativity (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Statistical and Nonlinear Physics › Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Relativity and Gravitational Theory
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Black Holes and Theoretical Physics
- Keywords
- quantum gravity, effective field theory, general relativity, gravitational systems, quantum gravity corrections
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
