Developmental Trajectories of Victimization: Identifying Risk and Protective Factors
Abstract
Using a modified version of Olweus' victimization (Student Questionnaire, 1993) scale, 1,241 children in Grades 5 to 7 from diverse socioeconomic neighborhoods were classified into four distinct trajectories of victimization: non-victims, late onset victims, stable victims, and desisters. MANCOVAS investigated how changes in victimization across different trajectories corresponded to variations in intraand interpersonal functioning. Risk factors including anxiety and low friendship quality lead to subsequent victimization and these problems increased with continued victimization. Engaging in fewer aggressive behaviors, having high quality friendships, and experiencing low levels of anxiety were identified as factors that protect adolescents from future victimization. The discussion focuses on the possible mechanisms contributing to the maintenance or changes in levels of victimization, and how interventions can reduce peer victimization in schools.
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The development of positive peer relationships contributes to maintaining a healthy school climate and positively influences student outcomes.
“The development of positive peer relationships contributes to maintaining a healthy school climate, and many studies have shown how this can positively influence student outcomes [36,37,38].”
From Cybervictimization and Online Sexual Harassment: Prevalence, Association, and Predictors (2024) · cites this paper as [36]
Research has found important links between positive peer relationships, peer acceptance and interaction, and lower victimization rates.
“Research has also found important links between positive peer relationships, peer acceptance and interaction, and lower victimization rates [36,39].”
From Cybervictimization and Online Sexual Harassment: Prevalence, Association, and Predictors (2024) · cites this paper as [36]
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Narrative skills predict peer adjustment across elementary school years
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- Authors
- Goldbaum, S., Craig, W. M., Pepler, D., & Connolly, J.
- Affiliations
- Queen's University (CA)
- York University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Applied School Psychology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2003-12-12
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 139-156
- ISSN
- 0739-9820 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-7903
- 1537-7911
- OpenAlex
- W1835253222
- Cited by
- 209
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 0.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Applied School Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Keywords
- peer victimization, victimization trajectories, school bullying, anxiety, friendship quality, aggression, protective factors, risk factors, adolescents
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